当代中国食品安全领域的道德建设研究
发布时间：2018-09-13 13:10
【摘要】：“王者以民为天,而民以食为天,能知天之天者,斯可矣。”食品安全是重要的民生问题,党和政府高度重视,人民群众特别关心。在当代中国,单纯的依靠法律、监管和技术不能完全解决食品安全问题。人作为一种道德的存在,需要对食品安全问题进行深刻的道德反思,加强我国食品安全领域的道德建设,筑牢食品安全的道德防线。食品安全道德,就是指食品利益相关者(主要包括:食品生产经营者、政府、消费者和媒体)在食品生产、经营、监管、消费和传播中应当遵循的价值取向和行为规则。食品安全道德能够为维护食品安全提供价值立场,帮助食品利益相关者做出符合道德的行为选择,以期实现食品安全,增进人类的健康与幸福。食品安全道德建设,即食品安全领域的道德建设,就是以道德为主要手段和途径,对食品安全问题进行治理,以达到食品安全领域的合道德性的善的秩序。食品安全道德与食品安全法律既相联系、又相区别,食品安全道德是食品安全治理的重大辅助力量。食品安全道德可以促使食品利益相关者对食品安全道德规范和法律、法规的认同由他律走向自律,形成食品利益相关者的良心,这是有利于保证食品安全的自觉意识。当代中国食品安全道德建设,需要从中国古代社会的食品安全道德建设中汲取智慧。在经济视阈下,以义生利、诚实守信、市不豫贾、礼义相待成为调整食品生产经营者和消费者之间关系的道德尺度。在政治视阈下,民以食为天的政治观、以刑养德的政府监管、荣损同俱的行业监管体现出浓厚的道德规范意义。为世人称道的中国传统饮食文化中蕴涵着十分丰富的道德思想,其中,尚“和”精神、重“礼”情节、行“俭”风格最为夺目。当代中国食品安全道德建设,需要借鉴他山之石。在美国,科学完备的法律成为食品利益相关者道德生成的保护伞,预防无缝式的监管让悖德者无机可乘,合格的供应商则是食品企业的主动追求。在日本,消费者的安全是政府监管之责,消费者的信任是企业生存之基,食品安全道德教育更是让食品安全观念深入人心。在欧盟,生命健康至上原则、尊重选择原则、预防性原则是食品安全道德建设遵循的基本原则,出于对消费者生命健康权和知情选择权的尊重,欧盟对转基因食品奉行“小心谨慎”的处理原则。在当代中国,食品安全事件清晰折射出食品利益相关者整体道德责任感的落寞,透视出食品利益相关者利益至上,道德隐退的尴尬。这不仅对我国消费者的身体健康和生命安全造成侵害,而且也危害到我国的经济、政治和社会发展。在社会转型的宏阔背景下,消极文化的侵蚀,利益至上观念的负面影响,监管体系的不完善,诚信体系建设的滞后,对悖德行为的过度容忍是酿成我国食品安全道德困境的主要原因。在当代中国,食品安全道德建设是实践的要求与时代的呼唤。食品安全本身内含对生命价值的体认,在食品安全制度创设及食品安全治理实践中,都不可缺少道德的支持,这是食品利益相关者,特别是食品生产经营者和政府应该具备的,最起码的道德认知。食品安全既表达个体价值诉求,又承载社会公共利益。保证食品安全,是食品利益相关者的精神皈依,食品利益相关者需要在德性的统摄下,在食品供应、监管、消费和传播中付诸道德行为。在当代中国,食品安全道德困境的严峻性,凸显出食品安全道德建设的紧迫性。食品安全道德建设是一项复杂的系统工程,需要所有食品利益相关者的共同参与和努力。食品生产经营者是食品安全道德建设的主力军,政府是食品安全道德建设的守护者,消费者是食品安全道德建设的推动者,媒体是食品安全道德建设的无冕之王。食品生产经营者、政府、消费者和媒体“四位一体”道德建设合力的形成,能够有效促进食品安全问题的解决和社会主义道德建设的进行。
[Abstract]:Food safety is an important issue of people's livelihood. The Party and the government attach great importance to it and the people are particularly concerned about it. In contemporary China, relying solely on law, supervision and technology can not completely solve the food safety problem. As a moral existence, people need food safety. Food safety ethics refers to the value that food stakeholders (mainly including food producers, operators, governments, consumers and media) should follow in food production, management, supervision, consumption and dissemination. Food safety morality can provide value standpoint for food safety, help food stakeholders to make moral behavior choices in order to achieve food safety and promote human health and happiness. Food Safety Ethics and food safety laws are related to each other, but also different. Food safety ethics is a major auxiliary force in food safety governance. Food safety ethics can promote food stakeholders to food safety ethics. It is helpful to ensure the conscience of food stakeholders. The construction of food safety ethics in contemporary China needs to draw wisdom from the construction of food safety ethics in ancient China. From the political perspective, the people's political outlook of taking food as the heaven, the government's supervision of punishing and maintaining morality, and the industry supervision with the same honor and loss show a strong moral significance. In the United States, scientific and complete laws have become the protective umbrella for the moral generation of food stakeholders, and seamless supervision has made it impossible for those who violate the moral principles to take advantage of them. In Japan, the safety of consumers is the responsibility of government supervision, the trust of consumers is the foundation of enterprises'survival, and the moral education of food safety makes the concept of food safety deeply rooted in people's hearts. In contemporary China, food safety incidents clearly reflect the loneliness of the overall moral responsibility of food stakeholders, the supremacy of the interests of food stakeholders, and the withdrawal of morality. Embarrassment. This not only infringes on the health and safety of our consumers, but also endangers the economic, political and social development of our country. In the broad context of social transformation, the erosion of negative culture, the negative impact of the concept of the supremacy of interests, the imperfection of the regulatory system, the lag of the integrity system, and the violation of moral behavior. In contemporary China, the construction of food safety ethics is the requirement of practice and the call of the times. Food safety itself contains the recognition of the value of life. In the creation of food safety system and the practice of food safety management, moral support is indispensable, which is food interests. Food safety not only expresses individual value demands, but also bears the social public interests. Guaranteeing food safety is the spiritual conversion of food stakeholders. Food stakeholders need to be under the control of morality in food supply, regulation, consumption and so on. In contemporary China, the severity of food safety moral dilemma highlights the urgency of food safety moral construction. Food safety moral construction is a complex system engineering, which requires the participation and efforts of all food stakeholders. The army and the government are the guardians of food safety ethics construction, consumers are the promoters of food safety ethics construction, and the media are the uncrowned kings of food safety ethics construction. The development of morality and morality.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16;D648
本文编号：2241267
[Abstract]:Food safety is an important issue of people's livelihood. The Party and the government attach great importance to it and the people are particularly concerned about it. In contemporary China, relying solely on law, supervision and technology can not completely solve the food safety problem. As a moral existence, people need food safety. Food safety ethics refers to the value that food stakeholders (mainly including food producers, operators, governments, consumers and media) should follow in food production, management, supervision, consumption and dissemination. Food safety morality can provide value standpoint for food safety, help food stakeholders to make moral behavior choices in order to achieve food safety and promote human health and happiness. Food Safety Ethics and food safety laws are related to each other, but also different. Food safety ethics is a major auxiliary force in food safety governance. Food safety ethics can promote food stakeholders to food safety ethics. It is helpful to ensure the conscience of food stakeholders. The construction of food safety ethics in contemporary China needs to draw wisdom from the construction of food safety ethics in ancient China. From the political perspective, the people's political outlook of taking food as the heaven, the government's supervision of punishing and maintaining morality, and the industry supervision with the same honor and loss show a strong moral significance. In the United States, scientific and complete laws have become the protective umbrella for the moral generation of food stakeholders, and seamless supervision has made it impossible for those who violate the moral principles to take advantage of them. In Japan, the safety of consumers is the responsibility of government supervision, the trust of consumers is the foundation of enterprises'survival, and the moral education of food safety makes the concept of food safety deeply rooted in people's hearts. In contemporary China, food safety incidents clearly reflect the loneliness of the overall moral responsibility of food stakeholders, the supremacy of the interests of food stakeholders, and the withdrawal of morality. Embarrassment. This not only infringes on the health and safety of our consumers, but also endangers the economic, political and social development of our country. In the broad context of social transformation, the erosion of negative culture, the negative impact of the concept of the supremacy of interests, the imperfection of the regulatory system, the lag of the integrity system, and the violation of moral behavior. In contemporary China, the construction of food safety ethics is the requirement of practice and the call of the times. Food safety itself contains the recognition of the value of life. In the creation of food safety system and the practice of food safety management, moral support is indispensable, which is food interests. Food safety not only expresses individual value demands, but also bears the social public interests. Guaranteeing food safety is the spiritual conversion of food stakeholders. Food stakeholders need to be under the control of morality in food supply, regulation, consumption and so on. In contemporary China, the severity of food safety moral dilemma highlights the urgency of food safety moral construction. Food safety moral construction is a complex system engineering, which requires the participation and efforts of all food stakeholders. The army and the government are the guardians of food safety ethics construction, consumers are the promoters of food safety ethics construction, and the media are the uncrowned kings of food safety ethics construction. The development of morality and morality.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16;D648
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