论卫生标准在卫生监督执法领域的应用现状

发布时间：2018-11-08 10:48

【摘要】：卫生标准在公共卫生行政执法工作中发挥着重要作用，是监督执法的重要依据。相比其他行政执法领域，卫生监督工作更加强调对技术的依赖。往往以专业技术规范为标准，运用科学技术手段，通过检测、由数据来判定执法对象的合法性。本文以卫生标准为主要研究对象，从行政法学视角对卫生标准的定位、法律性质进行观察、分析。以此为基础，从卫生标准的应用现状、实践效果、案例等对上海市嘉定区近年来的工作数据进行评析，凸显卫生标准在执法过程中遭遇的困境。卫生标准反映社会公共的健康安全意志，为公共主体行为提供导向，具有不同于一般意义上的法律特征。随着行政部门的强势扩张，将一些本应属于多个社会群体共同利益的问题一并纳入行政管理，，引发冲突，使得执法遭遇争议与难题。本文首先对卫生监督工作中运用卫生标准的法律依据进行梳理、归纳，从标准化法、卫生法律法规、卫生监督工作职责三方面进行总结。第二部分从形式、实质两方面对卫生标准的法律性质进行判断。第三部分将分类统计嘉定区近几年行政处罚、行政许可、监督检测工作数据，对涉及卫生标准的处罚案由情况、运用卫生标准进行行政处罚的情况、许可中运用卫生标准的状况、监督监测工作量等，通过数据分析以掌握现状。此外，根据近几年部分地区开展的卫生监督机构应用卫生标准的调查情况，分析卫生监督人员总体应用能力不尽如人意的原因。第四部分，从制定体系、卫生法律法规条款本身、卫生标准的执行性、各类标准之间的冲突等方面辅之以相关案例说明卫生标准在卫生监督工作中面临困境的原因。最后，分析说明卫生标准所具有的内在社会属性，由此引入社会自治理念，从社会多元参与加入标准的制定体系、多方协商、重视标准成效的验证等方面提出对策。
[Abstract]:Health standard plays an important role in public health administration law enforcement and is the important basis for supervising law enforcement. In contrast to other areas of administrative law enforcement, health supervision emphasizes more reliance on technology. The legality of law enforcement objects is often judged by means of science and technology, by means of detection and by data. In this paper, health standards as the main research object, from the perspective of administrative law to the positioning of health standards, the legal nature of observation, analysis. On the basis of this, this paper analyzes the working data of Jiading District in Shanghai in recent years from the application status, practical effect and case of health standards, and highlights the difficulties encountered by health standards in the process of enforcing the law. The health standard reflects the will of public health and safety, and provides guidance for the behavior of public subject, which is different from the legal characteristics in general sense. With the strong expansion of the administrative departments, some problems which should belong to the common interests of many social groups are brought into the administrative management together, causing conflicts and making law enforcement encounter disputes and difficulties. In this paper, the legal basis for the application of health standards in the work of health supervision is combed and summarized, including standardization law, health laws and regulations, and duties of health supervision. The second part judges the legal nature of health standards from two aspects: form and substance. The third part will classify and statistics the data of administrative punishment, administrative license, supervision and inspection work in Jiading District in recent years, as well as the situation of punishment cases involving health standards, and the use of health standards to carry out administrative penalties. Permit the use of health standards, supervision and monitoring workload, through data analysis to grasp the current situation. In addition, according to the investigation on the application of hygiene standards by health supervision agencies in some areas in recent years, the reasons why the overall application ability of health supervisors are not satisfactory are analyzed. The fourth part, from the formulation system, the provisions of health laws and regulations itself, the implementation of health standards, the conflict between various standards and other aspects of the relevant cases to explain the health standards in the work of health supervision difficulties. Finally, the paper analyzes and explains the inherent social attributes of health standards, and then introduces the concept of social autonomy, and puts forward some countermeasures from the aspects of social participation in the establishment of standards, consultation, and emphasis on the effectiveness of standards.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16

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