公益诈捐法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 13:34

【摘要】：随着社会财富的积累获得了飞跃式的增长,中国公益事业进入蓬勃发展的新时期。承袭中华民族自古以来热情仁爱、乐善好施的慈善思想,加上数次大灾为契机,新时代的公益事业不再是冷门,民众以捐赠作为参与公益事业的方式,加入到该行列中。公益捐赠行为主体的增多及其受众的广泛,使该项行为具备普遍性。在其发挥第三部门弥合社会阶层分化、支援弱势群体、彰显自身价值的正面作用时,也产生不少引人关注的不道德行为,本文所探讨的公益诈捐行为即是其中之一。公益诈捐行为,不仅违背社会道德,更为法律所不容。随着公益诈捐行为的增多及其影响的扩大,以法律对之进行规制,从而净化公益环境实属必要。然目前我国对该行为定义、类型、性质等基础内容均未予以权威立法,由此产生实践中认定的混乱,对相对人合法利益的保护也可谓不力。学术界对该行为的分析较为稀少,且讨论并未形成统一结论。基于此,笔者择取该论题进行分析。本文分为四部分进行论述。第一章作为全文的基础,通过对已有观点的分析及相关概念的区分,对公益诈捐下定义；并以现有案例为基础对公益诈捐类型进行总结归纳；同时对其性质稍有提及,为下文做铺垫。第二章为公益诈捐行为的理论分析,公益诈捐乃为违约行为,此章对合同的成立及性质、诈捐人违反的合同义务、诈捐行为损害的利益及诈捐人的责任承担均有讨论。第三章对我国目前有关公益诈捐的立法、实践及其问题进行分析,在此基础上提出解决问题的对策,以期对规制公益诈捐的实务有所裨益。
[Abstract]:With the accumulation of social wealth, China's public welfare has entered a new period of vigorous development. Inherited from the Chinese nation since ancient times, benevolence, charity, plus a number of major disasters as an opportunity, the new era of public welfare is no longer a cold door, the public donations as a way to participate in the public service, joined the ranks. The increase of the behavior subject and the wide audience make the behavior universal. When it exerts the third sector to bridge the social stratum differentiation, supports the vulnerable group, shows the positive function of its own value, also produces many attractive immoral behavior, this article discusses the public welfare fraud donation behavior is one of them. The behavior of charitable fraud is not only against social morality, but also against the law. With the increase of the behavior of public welfare fraud and the expansion of its influence, it is necessary to regulate it by law so as to purify the public welfare environment. However, at present, the definition, type, nature and other basic contents of the act have not been given authoritative legislation in our country, resulting in confusion in practice, and the protection of the legitimate interests of the relative person can be said to be inadequate. The academic analysis of this behavior is rare, and the discussion has not reached a unified conclusion. Based on this, the author selected the topic for analysis. This article is divided into four parts to discuss. The first chapter is the basis of the full text, through the analysis of the existing views and the distinction of related concepts, the definition of public interest fraud, and the existing cases as the basis of the summary of the types of public interest fraud; At the same time, the nature of the slightly mentioned, for the following do pave the way. The second chapter is the theoretical analysis of the behavior of public welfare fraud, which is a breach of contract. This chapter discusses the formation and nature of the contract, the contractual obligations of the fraudulent donor, the damage to the benefit of the fraudulent donation act and the liability of the fraudulent donor. The third chapter analyzes the legislation, practice and problems of public welfare fraud in our country, and puts forward some countermeasures to solve the problem, in the hope of regulating the practice of public welfare fraud.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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