法律正当程序视野下的新监察制度

发布时间：2019-02-25 14:56

【摘要】：纪委在当前反贪腐中取得赫赫功绩有其特定原因,同时也存在法治化转型问题。国家监察委员会的设立能不能在法治化方面取得进步,取决于能否突破法律的正当程序困境以及国家权力设置的科学化考量。本文探讨了国家监察委员会的权力来源和权力构成,指出香港、新加坡廉政机构模式并非反腐败机制改革的唯一选项,重新"武装"检察机关,地位设定得当、职权配置到位、侦查措施得力以及程序调整适当,检察机关同样可以达到纪委办案的境界。若以三权学说划分国家权力,新的监察权仍属于行政权范畴;若不以三权学说为标准,监察权当然可以视为立法权之下与行政权、司法权并立的权力即监察权,没有必要定位为"执法监督权"。国家监察委员会行使类似刑事侦查的权力应当受到刑事诉讼法的约束,留置与逮捕有着相同的实质,应依照宪法规定纳入司法权控制的范围。国家监察委员会查办犯罪案件,应当允许律师为被调查人提供法律帮助。我国建立新监察制度,需要考虑将检察机关的法律监督延伸至国家监察委员会的调查领域。另外,本文建议保留人民检察院对于渎职侵权案件的侦查权,形成监察权和侦查权的相互制约关系。
[Abstract]:The Commission for discipline Inspection has its own specific reasons for its achievements in the current fight against corruption, as well as the problem of rule-of-law transformation. Whether the establishment of the National Supervisory Commission can make progress in the rule of law depends on whether it can break through the due process dilemma of the law and the scientific consideration of the establishment of the state power. This paper discusses the source of power and the composition of power of the State Supervisory Commission, and points out that Hong Kong and Singapore's model of clean government is not the only option for reforming the anti-corruption mechanism. It is necessary to re-"arm" the procuratorial organs, properly set the status, and put the powers in place. Effective investigation measures and proper adjustment of procedures, procuratorial organs can also reach the boundary of discipline inspection commission to handle cases. If the state power is divided by the theory of "three powers", the new power of supervision still belongs to the category of administrative power; Without taking the theory of "three powers" as the standard, the supervisory power can of course be regarded as the supervisory power under the legislative power and the executive power, and the judicial power is the supervisory power, and there is no need to position it as the "supervisory power of law enforcement". The exercise of powers similar to criminal investigation by the State Supervisory Commission should be bound by the Criminal procedure Law, the retention and arrest have the same substance, and should be brought into the scope of judicial power control according to the constitutional provisions. The State Supervisory Commission shall allow lawyers to provide legal assistance to the persons under investigation in the investigation of criminal cases. In order to establish a new supervision system in China, it is necessary to extend the legal supervision of procuratorial organs to the investigation field of the State Supervisory Commission. In addition, this paper proposes to retain the people's procuratorate's power to investigate cases of malfeasance and tort, and to form the mutual restriction relationship between the power of supervision and the power of investigation.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;教育部2011计划司法文明协同创新中心;
【分类号】：D922.11

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