我国消防公益诉讼制度的构建

发布时间：2019-03-04 17:15

【摘要】：公益诉讼制度的确立有利于解决司法实践中涉及到公共利益的纠纷。随着社会的发展,社会关系日益复杂,侵害公共利益的行为时常发生。我国根据现实发展的需要,虽然于2012年规定了公益诉讼,但规定比较原则化,未形成较为完整的制度性规定。2015年对公益诉讼的规定作了进一步细化,但与公益诉讼相关的很多实体、程序问题并未得到适当的解决。我国保护私益的法律制度相对完善,但在保护公共利益方面明显存在不足。因此,我们有必要使公益诉讼成为维护公共利益的一种常规化的制度,并对其所包含的类型进行细化。公共利益涉及到方方面面的内容,其中也包括消防公共安全。我国每年都会发生多起火灾,大型火灾的数量逐年增加,严重地威胁着公众的生命、财产安全。而这一事实表明,目前我们在消防监管、保护消防公共利益方面存在着问题。由于消防安全也是公共利益,所以我们将危害消防安全提起的诉讼纳入到公益诉讼的范围进行研究。这样不仅有利于解决火灾频发的困境,也有利于进一步完善我国的公益诉讼制度。为此,笔者根据已有的公益诉讼相关规定,参考学术上有关公益诉讼的理论研究,结合目前火灾频发的现状,通过实证分析、价值分析等方法,就消防公益诉讼制度进行研究,并尝试着对这一制度的构建提出自己的设想。本文由三部分组成,对我国消防公益诉讼制度构建的相关问题进行论述:第一部分:我国建立消防公益诉讼制度的现实必要性。从保护公共利益的需要、完善法律制度的需要以及诉讼法治化的必然要求等方面来论述我国消防公益诉讼制度提出的现实必要性。第二部分:从建立消防公益诉讼制度的理论基础和可诉性问题入手。进而来分析对于危害消防安全的行为提起的诉讼作为公益诉讼的理论支撑及有关消防法律的可诉性分析。因为这关系到消防公益诉讼建立的依据和适用的可能性问题。第三部分:建立我国消防公益诉讼制度的基本构想。从立法层面就我国消防公益诉讼制度的建立提出了一些构想,具体从消防公益诉讼制度的起诉主体、管辖范围、诉讼形式、诉讼请求类型、举证责任、诉讼费用、调解与和解等方面进行研究,来构建消防公益诉讼制度。构建并完善消防公益诉讼制度,在维护消防公共利益方面,发挥着重要的作用。
[Abstract]:The establishment of public interest litigation system is beneficial to the settlement of disputes involving public interest in judicial practice. With the development of society, the social relations are becoming more and more complex, and the behavior of infringing the public interest often occurs. According to the needs of the practical development, although the public interest litigation was stipulated in 2012, the regulation was relatively principled and did not form a more complete institutional regulation. In 2015, the provisions of the public interest litigation were further refined. However, many entities related to public interest litigation, the procedural issues have not been properly resolved. The legal system of protecting private interests in China is relatively perfect, but there are obvious deficiencies in the protection of public interests. Therefore, it is necessary for us to make public interest litigation a regular system to safeguard the public interest, and to refine the types it contains. The public interest involves all aspects, including fire public safety. There will be many fires every year in our country, and the number of large fires increases year by year, which seriously threatens the lives and property safety of the public. And this fact shows that, at present, we have problems in fire regulation and protection of the public interest of fire protection. Fire safety is also a public interest, so we bring the lawsuit of endangering fire safety into the scope of public interest litigation. This is not only conducive to solving the dilemma of frequent fire, but also conducive to the further improvement of our public interest litigation system. Therefore, according to the existing provisions of public interest litigation, referring to the academic theoretical research on public interest litigation, combined with the current situation of frequent fire, through empirical analysis, value analysis and other methods, the author studies the fire protection public interest litigation system, and makes a research on the fire protection public interest litigation system through empirical analysis, value analysis, and so on. And try to put forward their own ideas on the construction of this system. This paper is composed of three parts to discuss the related problems of the construction of the fire protection public interest litigation system in our country: the first part: the realistic necessity of establishing the fire protection public interest litigation system in our country. From the need to protect the public interest, the need to perfect the legal system and the inevitable requirements of the rule of law in litigation, this paper discusses the realistic necessity of the fire protection public interest litigation system in our country. The second part: from the establishment of the fire protection public interest litigation system of the theoretical basis and actionable issues. Then, this paper analyzes the action of endangering fire safety as the theoretical support of public interest litigation and the actionable analysis of fire protection law. Because this relates to the fire protection public interest litigation foundation and the applicable possibility question. The third part: the basic conception of establishing the fire protection public interest litigation system in our country. From the legislative level, this paper puts forward some ideas on the establishment of the fire protection public interest litigation system in our country, specifically from the prosecution subject, jurisdiction, litigation form, litigation request type, burden of proof, litigation cost, and so on. Mediation and reconciliation and other aspects of research, to build a fire-fighting public interest litigation system. The construction and perfection of fire protection public interest litigation system plays an important role in the maintenance of fire protection public interest.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.14

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