我国探月工程知识产权保护研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 23:26

本文关键词：我国探月工程知识产权保护研究　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：探月工程是一项体现国家意志的重大尖端科技工程,工程是各种尖端科技的系统集成。与普通科技成果的知识产权保护相比,探月工程知识产权保护具有特殊性。这种特殊性,首先表现在探月工程知识产权保护具有系统性,探月工程任何一项技术改进或者装置功能的提升都极有可能产生大量的科技成果,需要专利权、著作权以及商业秘密、技术秘密的系统保护,而且探月工程知识产权保护需要协调普通知识产权法规、国防知识产权法规以及国家科研计划管理法规等多种法律规范,从而形成系统的法律保护。其次,外层空间环境的特殊性使得现有可专利条件的新颖性、创造性在适用于探月工程科技成果时需要作出新的解释。最后,探月工程知识产权保护的法律规范具有特殊性,现有知识产权“私权”、“排他性”内涵与国际外空法“外空非主权”、“外空共有”等原则之间的冲突也日益突出。这些特殊性,使得为其提供合适的知识产权保护成为必要,良好的知识产权制度,不仅有利于激发科研人员的创新积极性,促进空间技术的进步,适应外空商业化、私营化的特点,而且有利于我国参与激烈的外空竞争,维护外空合作中的国家利益。目前,我国关于探月工程知识产权保护的法律规定分散于各行政法规与部门规章中,缺乏专门的立法。随着我国国防科研体制的改革以及外空国际合作的不断发展,现有知识产权保护制度存在的管理机构条块分割协调性差的问题也将日益凸显,而知识产权法规忽视科研单位及职务发明人知识产权利益的保护将严重打击科研人员的创新积极性,现有专利申请程序存在审批期限过长、临时保护不力等问题,将难以为探月工程知识产权保护提供及时有效的法律保护。为完善探月工程知识产权保护制度,需要制定专门的国家航空航天法,建立快捷有效的专利申请程序,以适应空间技术快速发展的特点。在专利成果权属上采取“放权原则”,赋予发明人以专利实施和转让权,从而激励项目承担者的创新积极性,同时健全探月科技专利转化机制。改革现有的普通专利和国防专利管理机制,将地方国防专利行政管理职权划归国家知识产权局,将隶属于总装备部的国防知识产权局改隶国防部。建立航天企业的人事管理制度,实施合同管理制度,明确彼此间的知识产权权利与义务,并在工程项目的验收中,根据项目风险性的不同,采取不同的知识产权评价标准,以加强项目知识产权监督。此外,在探月工程参与国际合作与竞争的过程中,要实行专利先行战略,通过申请国际专利,强化在目标国或合作国的专利专利保护。为实现国际知识产权公约与国际外空法的协调,我国应主动通过双边或多边协议,弥补国际公约在探月领域的缺位,推动国际空间知识产权保护公约出台。
[Abstract]:Lunar exploration project is a major cutting-edge science and technology project which embodies the national will. It is a systematic integration of various cutting-edge science and technology, compared with the intellectual property protection of common scientific and technological achievements. The protection of intellectual property rights of lunar exploration projects has its particularity. The first manifestation of this particularity lies in the systematic nature of intellectual property protection of lunar exploration projects. Any technical improvement or improvement of installation functions in lunar exploration projects is likely to produce a large number of scientific and technological achievements, requiring the systematic protection of patent rights, copyright, trade secrets and technical secrets. And the protection of intellectual property rights of lunar exploration projects needs to coordinate general intellectual property laws and regulations, national defense intellectual property laws and regulations and national scientific research plan management regulations and other legal norms, so as to form a system of legal protection. Secondly. The particularity of the outer space environment makes the novelty of the existing patentable conditions and creative application to the scientific and technological achievements of lunar exploration projects require new explanations. Finally. The legal norms of intellectual property protection of lunar exploration project are special. The existing intellectual property rights are "private right", "exclusive" connotation and international outer space law "outer space non-sovereignty". Conflicts between the principles of "sharing in outer space" are also increasingly prominent. These particularities make it necessary to provide them with appropriate intellectual property protection and a sound intellectual property system. It is not only conducive to stimulate the innovation enthusiasm of scientific research personnel, promote the progress of space technology, adapt to the characteristics of commercialization and privatization of outer space, but also benefit our country to participate in the fierce outer space competition. Protection of national interests in outer space cooperation. At present, the legal provisions on intellectual property protection of lunar exploration projects in China are scattered in various administrative regulations and departmental regulations. Lack of special legislation. With the reform of our national defense research system and the continuous development of international cooperation in outer space, the existing intellectual property rights protection system has the problem of poor coordination and fragmentation of management agencies. The intellectual property laws and regulations ignore the protection of the intellectual property interests of scientific research units and job inventors will seriously dampen the innovation enthusiasm of scientific research personnel. The existing patent application procedure has a long period of examination and approval. Such problems as inadequate temporary protection will be difficult to provide timely and effective legal protection for the intellectual property protection of lunar exploration projects. In order to improve the intellectual property protection system of lunar exploration projects, special national aviation and aerospace laws should be formulated. To establish a fast and effective patent application procedure to adapt to the characteristics of the rapid development of space technology, to adopt the "principle of decentralization" in the ownership of patent achievements, and to endow inventors with the right to patent implementation and transfer. In order to encourage the initiative of the project bearer innovation, at the same time improve the transformation mechanism of scientific and technological patents, and reform the existing common patent and national defense patent management mechanism. The administrative authority for local national defense patents shall be assigned to the State intellectual property Office, and the National Defense intellectual property Office, which is subordinate to the General Armament Department, shall be transferred to the Ministry of National Defense. The personnel management system for aerospace enterprises shall be established and the contract management system implemented. Make clear each other's intellectual property rights and obligations, and in the acceptance of the project, according to the different project risk, adopt different intellectual property evaluation standards, in order to strengthen the project intellectual property supervision. In the process of participating in international cooperation and competition, the project of lunar exploration should implement the patent-first strategy and apply for international patent. In order to achieve the coordination between international intellectual property rights convention and international outer space law, China should take the initiative through bilateral or multilateral agreements to make up for the absence of international conventions in the field of lunar exploration. Promote the promulgation of the International Convention on the Protection of intellectual property Rights in Space.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.4

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