海底地震（OBS）资料处理方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 06:59

本文关键词： OBS二次定位速度分析 Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移　出处：《长安大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人类对能源需求量的日益加大，对海底天然气水合物的勘探与开发已经引起了世界各国的极大关注。近年来，OBS（海底地震仪）地震勘探技术在海底天然气水合物勘探中得到了较快的发展和完善，但在OBS资料处理方面，由于OBS独特的布设形式，还没有形成商用的数据处理软件。因此，加强OBS资料的处理方法研究，形成具有自主知识产权的OBS数据处理系统已经成为当今海上地震勘探领域的重要目标之一，对我国天然气水合物等资源的勘探与开发具有重要意义。由于OBS资料采集观测系统的特殊性，，需要研究针对OBS资料的特殊处理方法。本文简单介绍了OBS资料处理的基本流程，主要针对OBS二次定位、速度分析和偏移成像方法等环节进行初步的探讨与研究。在OBS二次定位方面，提出了一种结合三点定位法、最小平方法、搜索法为一体的OBS混合定位方法，克服了OBS二次定位不唯一的问题，提高了定位精度；在速度分析方面，给出了OBS资料中反射波旅行时的近似计算公式，提出了一种基于OBS资料的速度分析方法；在偏移成像方面，将Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移方法应用于OBS资料，并就偏移孔径等问题进行了探讨。理论模型测试表明，本文给出的OBS资料处理方法，可获得良好的处理效果。本文针对实际OBS资料，进行了波场识别与特征分析，按文中提出的处理流程和方法进行了处理，给出了处理结果。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for energy, exploration and development of natural gas hydrate has attracted great attention all over the world. In recent years, OBS (OBS) seismic exploration technology in the exploration of natural gas hydrate in the rapid development and improvement, but in the aspect of dealing with OBS data, because OBS the unique layout, has not formed the commercial software processing data. Therefore, strengthen the OBS date processing method, the formation of the OBS data processing system with independent intellectual property rights has become one of the important targets of the marine seismic exploration field, has important significance for the exploration and development of China's natural gas hydrate resources.
Because of the particularity of OBS data acquisition system, need special processing methods for OBS data. This paper introduces the basic process of OBS data processing, mainly for OBS two position, for preliminary discussion and research of velocity analysis and imaging methods. In the two OBS location, a combined with the three point positioning method, least square method, the search method is one of the OBS hybrid positioning method, overcomes the problem of not only the two OBS positioning, improve the positioning accuracy; in velocity analysis, gives the approximate OBS data in the reflection wave travel formula, puts forward a method of analyzing OBS data based on the speed; in imaging, Kirchhoff prestack time migration method is applied to the OBS data, and the migration aperture are discussed. The theoretical model test shows that the OBS data processing is introduced in this paper. Method, good treatment effect can be obtained.
In this paper, based on the actual OBS data, the wave field recognition and characteristic analysis are carried out, and the processing results are given according to the processing flow and method proposed in this paper.

【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P631.46

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