二维图形加速引擎设计与实现

发布时间：2018-02-02 01:30

本文关键词： GPU 图形加速 2D图形水平线反走样 FPGA　出处：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在现代图形视频显示系统中，将图形处理任务从CPU中分离出来交由图形处理器（Graphics Processing Unit，GPU）加速处理，已成为整个图形显控系统的基本结构随着计算机硬件水平的提升，以及集成电路制造技术和工艺水平的进步，图形处理器在结构和性能上也有了很大发展，并在航空航海医疗仪器测量仪器移动通信等多个领域的嵌入式终端得到了广泛的应用当前，图形处理器技术主要由一些国际芯片巨头所垄断，国内对于图形处理器的应用和研究相对国际先进水平还有较大差距因此，研究拥有自主知识产权的国产图形处理器，尤其是应用在嵌入式领域的图形处理器具有十分重要的现实意义和实用价值本文以图形水平线填充的方式，设计了一个2D图形加速引擎，用于实现直线三角形椭圆等基本2D图形的绘制主要工作如下：首先，研究图形加速系统的基本结构，设计了2D图形加速引擎的架构，详细阐述了各功能模块之间的联系及其实现方法其次，对于二维图形基本算法进行研究，选择适合于硬件实现的算法，由Verilog硬件描述语言完成各图元模块的代码设计这些算法包括图元预处理单元的裁剪算法一般直线段生成的Bresenham算法直线段反走样的加权区域采样算法椭圆的中点生成算法三角形填充算法和块拷贝等最后，在Modelsim环境下，对各个设计模块进行功能仿真，验证了设计的正确性对于整个2D图形加速引擎进行了FPGA实物验证，，并对其绘图性能进行了分析验证结果表明，二维图形加速模块能够很好的与其它控制模块兼容，显著提高嵌入式系统的图形处理速度
[Abstract]:In modern graphic video display system, graphics processing task is separated from CPU and handed over to graphics Processing Unit. GPU) accelerated processing has become the basic structure of the whole graphics display and control system with the improvement of the computer hardware level, as well as the progress of IC manufacturing technology and process level. Graphics processor (GPU) has also made great progress in structure and performance, and has been widely used in many fields, such as mobile communication of aviation and navigation medical instruments, measuring instruments, mobile communication and so on. The GPU technology is mainly monopolized by some international chip giants, so there is still a big gap between the application and research of GPU in China compared with the international advanced level. It is of great practical significance and practical value to study the domestic graphics processors with independent intellectual property rights, especially those used in the embedded field. In this paper, a 2D graphics acceleration engine is designed to realize the drawing of basic 2D graphics such as linear triangle ellipse and so on. The main work is as follows: First of all, the basic structure of graphics acceleration system is studied, the structure of 2D graphics acceleration engine is designed, and the relationship between each functional module and its implementation method are described in detail. Secondly, the basic algorithm of two-dimensional graphics is studied, and the algorithm suitable for hardware implementation is selected. Code design of each element module is accomplished by Verilog hardware description language. These algorithms include the clipping algorithm of the element preprocessing unit, the Bresenham algorithm which is generated by the general line segment, and the anti-aliasing algorithm of the line segment. The midpoint generation algorithm of ellipse in weighted region sampling algorithm triangle filling algorithm block copy and so on. Finally, in the Modelsim environment, the functional simulation of each design module, verify the correctness of the design for the entire 2D graphics acceleration engine for the FPGA physical verification. The results show that the 2D graphics acceleration module is compatible with other control modules, and the graphics processing speed of embedded system can be improved significantly.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP391.41

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