MW级风力发电机组PLC平台可靠性设计

发布时间：2018-02-11 09:48

本文关键词： 冗余PLC 可靠性分级心跳检测数据同步　出处：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前，煤炭资源在我国一次性能源消费中所占的比例高于70%，并且煤炭消耗每年持续增长将近2亿多吨。导致污染物排放量持续上涨，因此造成的环境污染问题越来越严重。加快发展可再生能源、调整能源结构对我国可持续发展战略具有重大意义。风能作为一种可再生能源具有安全可靠、绿色环保的特点，必然成为新能源的首选。然而，目前我国风电行业，，MW级风力发电机的PLC控制器关键技术缺失，高度依赖进口，进而导致风机整机的生产价格居高不下。因此，研发一套拥有自主知识产权且具有较高可靠度的PLC控制器，对于实现风机的国产化率，提高风机质量，降低整机成本都具有十分重要的意义。本文结合“MW级风力发电机组PLC控制系统国产化”项目的部分研究内容，针对PLC工作环境复杂而又要求高可靠度的特点，提出了一种基于双处理器的PLC冗余架构。通过主/备CPU模块的协处理器传输同步数据，实现主/备PLC之间的状态同步。当主控PLC出现故障时，热备PLC能够快速接管主控权，从而实现不停机连续运行。本文深入研究可靠性的有关理论，比较不同冗余容错方式对于提高PLC可靠性的效率，计算出适用的PLC冗余方式。在分析传统的硬件功能诊断与软件功能诊断方法的基础上，提出自顶向下的故障诊断方法，即对故障模块采取分级心跳检测机制实现故障的准确定位。改进的心跳检测法通过PUSH与PULL结合的策略，能够有效降低故障的误判率，在保证故障诊断的高可靠性与实时性的同时又可以避免过大的通信开销。本文还设计并实现主/备PLC之间的数据同步。在研究传统冗余PLC的间接式同步法与直接式同步法的基础上，提出一种监测式数据同步方法。该方法中，主控PLC通过协处理器监测I/O模块的输入数据。一旦有新数据读入，协处理器立刻记录新数据并与PLC的状态数据组合，然后传输给热备PLC。热备PLC与主控PLC执行相同的控制程序，从而保持了主/备PLC之间的状态一致并实现同步。这种监测式数据同步法所需的同步数据量小，并且没有过多的占用CPU资源。在主控PLC出现故障时，热备PLC能够自动且快速的接管控制权，证明冗余PLC的可靠性确实比单PLC的可靠性更高。
[Abstract]:At present, coal resources account for more than 70 percent of China's one-off energy consumption, and coal consumption continues to increase by nearly 200 million tons a year, resulting in a continuous rise in pollutant emissions. Therefore, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. It is of great significance to speed up the development of renewable energy and adjust the energy structure for sustainable development of our country. As a renewable energy, wind energy has the characteristics of safety, reliability, green and environmental protection. However, at present, the key technology of PLC controller of wind turbine in wind power industry in our country is lacking and highly dependent on imports, which leads to the high production price of wind turbine. It is very important to develop a set of PLC controller with independent intellectual property rights and high reliability for realizing the localization rate of the fan, improving the fan quality and reducing the cost of the whole machine. Combined with some research contents of the project "localization of PLC control system of MW wind turbine", this paper aims at the characteristics of complex working environment and high reliability of PLC. In this paper, a dual processor based PLC redundancy architecture is proposed. The synchronous data is transmitted through the coprocessor of the master / standby CPU module, and the state synchronization between the master and standby PLC is realized. When the master control PLC fails, the hot standby PLC can take over the master control power quickly. Thus, continuous operation is realized without stopping. In this paper, we deeply study the theory of reliability, compare the efficiency of different redundant fault-tolerant methods to improve the reliability of PLC, and calculate the applicable redundancy mode of PLC. On the basis of analyzing the traditional methods of hardware and software function diagnosis, A top-down fault diagnosis method is put forward, that is, the hierarchical heartbeat detection mechanism is adopted to locate the fault accurately. The improved heartbeat detection method can effectively reduce the misjudgment rate by combining PUSH with PULL. While ensuring high reliability and real-time performance of fault diagnosis, too much communication overhead can be avoided. This paper also designs and realizes the data synchronization between master and standby PLC. Based on the research of indirect synchronization and direct synchronization of redundant PLC, a method of monitoring data synchronization is proposed. The master PLC monitors the input data of the I / O module through the coprocessor. As soon as new data is read in, the coprocessor records the new data and combines it with the state data of the PLC, which is then transmitted to the PLC. The hot standby PLC executes the same control program as the master PLC. Thus, the state of the master / standby PLC is consistent and synchronization is realized. This monitoring data synchronization method requires a small amount of synchronous data and does not take up too much CPU resources. When the master control PLC fails, The hot standby PLC can take over control automatically and quickly, which proves that the reliability of redundant PLC is higher than that of single PLC.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315

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