知识产权默示许可制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 11:08

本文选题：知识产权　切入点：默示许可　出处：《吉林大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：知识产权默示许可是指知识产权权利人（许可人）虽然没有以书面或者口头的方式明确做出许可的意思表示，但其行为或者特定情形下的沉默足以使相对人（被许可人）认为权利人（许可人）已经进行了许可，从而成立的知识产权许可形态。知识产权默示许可制度发端于英国，在英美法系国家和大陆法系国家都得到了发展。知识产权默示许可制度在我国知识产权立法和司法实践中也逐渐被接受，并开始发挥其功能。意思表示理论、信赖保护理论和利益平衡理论可以为知识产权默示许可制度提供理论支撑并证明其正当性。知识产权默示许可可以从权利人（许可人）的特定行为进行推断，或者从特定情形下权利人（许可人）的沉默加以推断；信赖保护理论以保护相对人（被许可人）的合理信赖为目的，在知识产权默示许可的判定中发挥着不可或缺的作用，相对人（被许可人）的合理信赖是知识产权默示许可成立的必备要素；利益平衡理论以平衡知识产权权利人（许可人）和相对人（被许可人）的利益为宗旨。从制度属性上看，，知识产权默示许可制度属于特殊的授权许可制度、权利限制制度和侵权抗辩制度。知识产权默示许可制度包括专利权默示许可制度、著作权默示许可制度和商标权默示许可制度，默示许可的认定是其中最为核心、最为复杂的问题。知识产权默示许可的认定可以从基于行为推断的知识产权默示许可和基于沉默的知识产权默示许可两个方面入手。基于行为推断的知识产权默示许可的认定主要考察知识产权权利人（许可人）的特定行为、被控侵权人的合理信赖等因素；基于沉默的知识产权默示许可的认定主要考察知识产权权利人（许可人）的“明知”、被控侵权人的合理信赖、知识产权权利人（许可人）怠于行使权利的期间等因素。知识产权默示许可的功能不仅体现在制度自身的运作之中，在默示许可与权利穷竭的交错发展中、在将默示许可运用于解决平行进口问题的实践中，知识产权默示许可的功能得到了拓展。此外，从权利穷竭到平行进口，知识产权默示许可的功能也实现了从合同解释到政策选择的拓展。在默示许可与权利穷竭的关联之中，默示许可主要发挥了合同解释的功能。将默示许可应用于解决平行进口问题，可以通过默示许可对知识产权国际穷竭原则进行修正，使平行进口政策更为灵活，更符合我国现实国情的要求，有利于更好地实现我国的国家利益。知识产权默示许可起源于知识产权许可合同，但该制度具备超越合同关系的特质，不再局限于“一对一”的授权许可模式，使其能够适应网络著作权海量授权的要求。虽然知识产权默示许可可以超越合同关系而存在，但其仍然依赖着合同解释的立场和原则，在对网络著作权默示许可进行认定的时候仍然要考察权利人（许可人）的行为、相对人（被许可人）的合理信赖、诚实信用原则、行业惯例等因素。通过网络著作权默示许可制度与法定许可制度、合理使用制度的比较，可以发掘网络著作权默示许可制度不可替代的制度价值。法定许可制度对著作权人权利的限制较为严格，欠缺灵活性，扩大法定许可制度的适用范围可能与国际公约相冲突，在网络著作权领域的应用价值日益消减。相比之下，默示许可制度更适应网络环境下利益平衡的要求，并且可以减少对现有制度的冲击，其适用价值逐渐增长。在传统著作权领域发挥重要作用的合理使用制度，在网络环境下遭遇了困境，在很多情况下难以担当侵权抗辩的使命。默示许可制度与合理使用制度相比更加适应网络环境的要求，具备明显的制度优势，能够有效弥补合理使用制度的不足。著作权默示许可制度与合理使用制度可以形成分工协作的格局，更好地实现网络著作权领域的利益平衡。在迅速发展的互联网产业之中，默示许可制度已经作为特定行业的惯例被普遍接受。应当在网络共享空间领域和网络搜索引擎领域全面引入默示许可制度，在公益性数字图书馆领域引入默示许可制度。在设计网络著作权默示许可制度时，应充分保障著作权人的获酬权，并通过完善著作权集体管理制度来保障默示许可制度的运行。我国在建构和完善知识产权默示许可制度时，应当以国家利益和国家安全为出发点，并顺应知识产权国际化的趋势，符合科技、文化发展方向的要求，重视产业和行业的自生秩序和惯例，充分借鉴国际上的成熟经验和做法，建立符合我国国情的知识产权默示许可制度。应该在我国未来民法典总则中规定默示意思表示条款和信赖保护条款。应当在《专利法》中对专利权默示许可进行一般性规定，明确规定专利权默示许可制度；应当在《著作权法》中对著作权默示许可制度做出一般性的规定，并对网络著作权默示许可制度进行具体规定；应当在《商标法》中对商标权默示许可制度做出一般性规定。
[Abstract]:Intellectual property refers to the implied license of intellectual property rights (licensor) although not in written or verbal way make the license means, but their behavior or the specific circumstances of silence is enough to make relative person (the licensee) that the obligee (licensor) has been carried out so as to permit establishment of knowledge property license form. The implied license system of intellectual property rights originated in Britain, have been developed in the common law countries and civil law countries. The implied license system of intellectual property rights in intellectual property legislation and judicial practice in China is gradually accepted, and began to play its function.
Theory of meaning, theory of reliance protection and interest balance theory can provide theoretical support for the implied license system of intellectual property rights and prove its legitimacy. Intellectual property rights can be implied license from the obligee (licensor) to infer the specific behavior, or from the specific circumstances of the right holder (licensor) silence to be inferred; trust protection the theory in order to protect people (the licensee) for the purpose of reasonable reliance, plays an important role in determining the intellectual property implied license, the relative person (the licensee) the reasonable reliance is essential intellectual property rights implied license established; the theory of balance of interests to balance the intellectual property rights (licensor) and the relative person (the licensee). For the purpose of the benefits from the system attribute, implied license system of intellectual property rights belong to the special permission system, rights restriction system and infringement defense system.
Intellectual property rights implied license system including patent implied license, copyright implied right implied license and trademark license system, implied license is recognized one of the most core, the most complex problem. That intellectual property rights implied license from intellectual property can be inferred based on the behavior of implied license and two aspects of intellectual property rights implied license the silence of the start. Based on recognition of intellectual property to infer the implied license mainly on intellectual property rights (licensor) based on the specific behavior, the person accused of infringing reasonable trust and other factors; identification based on silence implied license intellectual property mainly on intellectual property rights (licensor) "knowingly" reasonable trust the person accused of infringing intellectual property rights, human rights (Xu Keren) fails to exercise the right period and other factors.
The function of intellectual property rights implied license is not only reflected in the operation of the system itself, in the staggered development implied license and exhaustion of rights in the practice of implied license to solve the problem of parallel import of intellectual property rights, implied license function has been expanded. In addition, the exhaustion of rights to the parallel import of intellectual property implied license also from the implementation of the contract interpretation to expand the policy choice. In association implied license and exhaustion of rights, implied license contract interpretation mainly play the function. The implied license applied to solve the problem of parallel imports of intellectual property, international exhaustion is corrected by the implied license, parallel import policy is more flexible that is more in line with China's actual conditions requirements, is conducive to better achieve our national interests.
Intellectual property rights implied license originated in intellectual property licensing contracts, but the system has beyond the contract characteristics, is no longer confined to the "one to one" licensing model, which can adapt to the network copyright authorized requirements. Although intellectual property can go beyond the implied license contract relationship exists, but it still depends on the position and the principle of contract interpretation, still have to study the rights of people in the network copyright implied license identification when (licensor) behavior, relative person (the licensee) the reasonable trust, honesty and credit principle, industry practices and other factors. Through the network of copyright implied license system and the statutory licensing system, reasonable use the system can discover the value system of network copyright implied license system can not be replaced. The statutory licensing system of copyright restrictions are strict, lack of flexibility, expansion Conflict between the application scope of the statutory licensing system and international convention, the application value in the field of network copyright increasingly abate. In contrast, the implied license is more suitable for the balance of interests in the network environment, and can reduce the impact on the existing system, its application value is gradually growing. Play an important role in the rational use of the system in the field of traditional copyright, under the network environment encountered difficulties, it is difficult to play in many cases of infringement defense mission. Impliedlicense system compared with the rational use of the system to adapt to the requirement of network environment, the system has obvious advantages, can effectively compensate for the lack of reasonable use system. The copyright implied license system and the system of fair use can form a collaboration pattern, to better achieve the balance of interests in the field of network copyright. With the rapid development of the Internet industry. " Show license system as a specific industry practice has been generally accepted. Should the network share and network search engine to the full introduction of implied license system, the introduction of implied license system in the public domain of digital library. In the design of network copyright implied license system, should fully protect the copyright owner's right to remuneration, and through the improvement of the copyright collective management system to guarantee the implied license system operation.
In our country, construct and perfect the implied license system of intellectual property rights, should be based on national interests and national security as a starting point, and conform to the trend of internationalization of intellectual property rights, in accordance with the requirements of the development direction of science and technology, culture, pay attention to spontaneous order and practices of industry and industry, drawing on international experience and mature practices, establish implied the licensing system of intellectual property rights should be in line with China's national conditions. In China's future civil code stipulated in the terms and meaning implied trust protection clause should be said. In "the Patent Law on patent implied license general provisions specified patent implied license; copyright law should be in the < > of the copyright implied license system stipulated in general, and specific provisions on the network copyright implied license system; should make general of trademark rights implied license system in < Trademark Law > Regulations.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.4

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