高温大排量抽油泵关键技术与应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 21:19

  本文选题：高温大排量有杆泵　切入点：喷焊粉末　出处：《东北石油大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：稠油是21世纪重要的石油资源，占石油剩余可采储量比例越来越高，目前全球为53%，国内为40%，因技术原因大多未能开发。辽河油田是我国最大的稠油生产基地，随着水平井、SAGD、蒸汽驱等技术在辽河油田的迅猛发展，高温高产液油井急剧增多，采油成本升高。为满足SAGD、水平井等新技术的应用，同时降低采油成本，，有必要对有杆泵举升系统进行技术改进，开发具有自主知识产权且加工制造成本较低的“高温大排量有杆泵举升系统”。本文对高温大排量有杆泵举升系统的关键技术进行了研究，并进行了大量的现场试验，具体研究内容如下： 1.对柱塞内表面进行了喷焊处理，利用热喷焊工艺方法，通过系列试验确定了喷焊粉末成分。利用里氏硬度计，按照国标GB/T18607-2008的试验方法，对柱塞内表面的喷焊层进行了硬度测试，将测试结果换成洛氏硬度。结果表明：柱塞表面硬度由处理前的(52~54)HRC提高至(55~58)HRC，提高了大约5.8%~7.4%左右，表明柱塞表面的耐磨性有所提高。 2.对泵筒内表面进行了电镀铬处理。利用立式连续镀的方法制备镀铬层，使用浮标式气动量仪，按照国标GB/T18607-2008的方法对泵筒内表面进行直线度检测。检测结果表明：泵筒内表面直线度由镀铬前的0~0.05mm提高到0~0.04mm，泵筒内表面镀铬层尺寸精度符合使用要求。 3.将脱接器在井下的受力状态简化为悬臂梁，计算挠度及转角的理论值，进而对脱接器进行了结构上的改进使之可满足SAGD井最大井斜角度(60°)的需求，并且试验井的检泵周期达到了一年以上。此外，利用计算软件，对油井进行机、杆、泵优化设计，得到了抽油杆、抽油泵、油管、泵深、冲程、冲次等的优化参数，并使得单井产量得到了提升。最后，通过对泵效影响因素进行分析及理论计算，确定了泵筒与柱塞的最佳间隙配合比为0.18mm，从而可使平均泵效提高到71.5%。 4.以Φ140mm薄壁泵筒为例进行受力分析，分别在泵筒不变形条件下，计算了泵筒不发生变性的极限长度；并且按照国标GB/T18607-2008规定，确定了泵筒受力状态为薄壳问题，并进行了内压薄壁壳体强度计算。计算结果表明：薄壁泵筒厚度h≥3.98mm才能够满足强度要求。此外，采用内压薄壁壳体径向位移的计算方法，得出得泵筒径向位移为0.034mm，为合理设计泵筒与柱塞间隙，提高抽油泵泵效提供设计依据。 5.经过以上关键技术改进后，从2012年至今，对107井次的高温大排量有杆泵进行了现场试验，平均泵效60%，脱接器的脱接成功率达到了98%，总体应用效果良好。
[Abstract]:In 21th century, heavy oil is an important oil resource, accounting for a higher and higher proportion of remaining recoverable oil reserves. At present, there are 53 heavy oil reserves in the world and 40 in China, most of which have not been developed for technical reasons. Liaohe Oilfield is the largest heavy oil production base in China. With the rapid development of horizontal well sag, steam drive and other technologies in Liaohe Oilfield, the oil wells with high temperature and high yield have increased sharply and the oil recovery cost has increased. In order to meet the needs of the application of new technologies such as sag d and horizontal wells, and at the same time to reduce the production cost, It is necessary to improve the lifting system of rod pump. In this paper, the key technology of high temperature and large displacement rod pump lifting system with high temperature and large displacement has been studied, and a lot of field tests have been carried out. The specific contents of the study are as follows:. 1. The internal surface of the plunger was treated by spray welding, and the composition of the spray welding powder was determined by series of tests by using the hot spray welding technology. According to the test method of the national standard GB/T18607-2008, the composition of the spray welding powder was determined by using the Riemann hardness meter. The hardness of the spray welding layer on the inner surface of the plunger was tested, and the results were replaced by Rockwell hardness. The results show that the hardness of the plunger surface has been increased from 52U 54HRC to 55558 HRC, which is about 5.8%, indicating that the wear resistance of the plunger surface has been improved. 2. Chromium plating was carried out on the inner surface of pump cylinder. The chromium plating layer was prepared by vertical continuous plating, and the float pneumatic meter was used. The straightness of the inner surface of the pump cylinder was measured according to the GB/T18607-2008 method of national standard. The results showed that the straightness of the inner surface of the pump cylinder was increased from 0 ~ 0. 05 mm before chromium plating to 0 ~ 0. 04 mm, and the dimensional accuracy of chromium plating layer on the inner surface of the pump barrel met the requirements of application. 3. The mechanical state of the deconnector in the downhole is simplified as a cantilever beam, and the theoretical values of deflection and rotation angle are calculated, and then the demultiplexer is improved in structure so that it can meet the requirements of the maximum deviation angle of SAGD well (60 掳). In addition, the optimum design parameters of sucker rod, sucker rod, tubing, pump depth, stroke and impingement are obtained by using the calculation software to optimize the design of the oil well, the rod, the sucker pump, the tubing, the pump depth, the stroke and the impingement. Finally, through the analysis and theoretical calculation of the influencing factors of pump efficiency, the optimum clearance mix ratio of pump barrel and plunger is determined to be 0.18 mm, thus the average pump efficiency can be raised to 71.5 mm. 4. Taking 桅 140mm thin wall pump cylinder as an example, the ultimate length of the cylinder is calculated under the condition of no deformation, and the force state of the pump cylinder is determined to be a thin shell problem according to the national standard GB/T18607-2008. The strength of thin-walled shell under internal pressure is calculated. The results show that the thickness of thin-walled pump cylinder h 鈮

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