全球一体化背景下中国种业国际竞争力研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 22:30

本文选题：种业　切入点：国际竞争力　出处：《中国农业科学院》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2011年《国务院关于加快推进现代农作物种业发展的意见》（国发【2011】8号）明确提出：“我国是农业生产大国和用种大国，农作物种业是国家战略性、基础性核心产业，是促进农业长期稳定发展、保障国家粮食安全的根本。”我国是种子生产和消费大国，常年用种量保持在120亿公斤左右，国际种子联盟（International Seed Federation, ISF）最新统计显示，2012年我国种子市场价值为99.50亿美元，仅次于美国120亿美元，居世界第二位。我国巨大的农业产业规模和农产品市场潜力，正成为主要跨国公司竞争的焦点。随着经济全球化、全球市场一体化进程的加快，种业已成为全球各国竞相抢占的战略型新兴产业。中国种业要想在未来的全球种业市场竞争中占有一席之地，必须加快提升中国种业的国际竞争力水平。基于此，本文以比较优势理论、H-O理论、竞争优势理论等国际竞争力相关理论为指导，通过广泛的文献搜集、理论研究、数据整理和分析，在吸收已有研究成果的基础上，注重理论与实际相结合，定性研究和定量研究相结合，文献调查和实地调查相结合。本文首先构建了以竞争业绩、竞争实力和竞争潜力来分析中国种业国际竞争力的理论框架；然后借助国际市场占有率指数、显示性比较优势指数等分析工具，从市场份额角度对我国种业国际竞争力水平进行描述性统计和测算分析，从市场份额角度分析了中国种业现有的竞争业绩；然后构建并围绕“生产要素、创新能力、产品质量、政府”等四个关键要素，利用相关统计并借助资源禀赋指数、出口产品质量升级指数等分析工具对中国种业国际竞争力的影响因素进行分析，从竞争力影响因素角度分析中国种业竞争实力的差距；随后借用迈克尔·波特教授的“菱形钻石模型”，，诊断分析制约我国种业竞争力提升的深层次原因，分析种业未来竞争潜力；基于中国种业应加快“走出去”的战略需求，本文对中国种业现有优势品种、目标国市场进行了分析；最后提出了提升我国种业国际竞争力水平的对策建议并针对有关结论和问题展开讨论。本文得出的主要结论如下：（1）从市场份额角度来分析中国种业国际竞争力水平（竞争业绩），结果发现：但在全球种子市场份额竞争中，中国得到的国外市场份额少，失去的国内市场份额多；出口市场主要集中在亚洲，而种子大额市场非洲和南美洲等占据的份额较少。IMS、RCA、TSC、CA计算结果显示，中国种业目前整体国际竞争力水平不足，与美国、荷兰等种业强国还存在很大差距，但中国种业竞争力水平上升趋势明显。相对来说，蔬菜种子竞争力高于大田作物种子且部分作物竞争力已超过德国等发达国家；在大田作物中，目前我国水稻和棉花种子竞争优势明显，油菜种子竞争优势开始显现。（2）从生产要素、创新能力、产品质量、政府等四个要素来分析中国种业竞争力影响因素（竞争实力），结果发现：生产要素和政府要素对种业竞争力有所影响，但并不是关键影响要素；知识产权因素已成为制约我国种业国际竞争力提升的关键要素；质量因素是促进我国种业现有竞争力提升的关键要素；中国种业目前竞争实力严重不足，但中国种业应注重以现有的产品质量竞争力为契机加速提升和巩固种业市场份额的拓展和掌控能力，以便应对日益激烈的国际种业市场份额竞争。（3）从钻石模型分析制约中国种业国际竞争力的深层次原因（竞争潜力），分析认为：从市场需求来看，产业化程度低，竞争性产品少，缺乏市场化研发导向制约了中国种业国际竞争力水平；从相关和支持产业来看，相关和支持产业以及种业产业各环节之间缺乏有效沟通制约了中国种业竞争力的提升；从企业战略结构与竞争状况来看，现有的研发、科技评价体系不健全，缺乏海外市场的投入，种业市场化程度低制约了中国种业竞争力的提升。可见，目前制约中国种业竞争力提升的原因较多，但同时也反应出未来种业提升的潜力巨大。（4）种业充分利用国内外两个市场、两种资源能更好的提升国际竞争力水平。中国目前“走出去”的品种开始由低价值种子向高价值种子过渡。其中，杂交水稻已成为我国未来种业发展的战略性品种，未来东南亚、非洲、中亚是我国种业“走出去”的三大目标地区，而中亚将是我国种业“走出去”的战略重点。中国政府管理部门应重视中国种业“走出去”的引导，加快中国种业“走出去”步伐，全面抢夺全球种子市场份额。
[Abstract]:In 2011 the State Council on accelerating the development of modern crop seed industry opinions (Guo Fa [2011] No. 8) clearly pointed out: "China is a large agricultural country and a country, crop seed industry is a national strategic and basic core industry is to promote the long-term stable development of agriculture, the fundamental guarantee for national food safety." China is a major seed production and consumption, perennial seed quantity remains at around 12 billion kg, the International Seed Federation (International Seed, Federation, ISF) the latest statistics show that in 2012 China's seed market value of $9 billion 950 million, second only to the US $12 billion, ranking second in the world. China's huge scale of agricultural industry and agricultural product market the potential is become the focus of competition of major multinational companies. With the economic globalization, the integration of the global market to accelerate the process of seed industry has become the world competing strategy for emerging In order to occupy a place in the future competition of the global seed market, China's seed industry must accelerate the international competitiveness of China's seed industry.
Based on this, this paper based on the comparative advantage theory, H-O theory, theory of competitive advantage theory and international competitiveness as the guide, through extensive literature collection, theoretical research, data collation and analysis, in the absorption on the basis of research results, focusing on the combination of theory and practice, qualitative research and quantitative research, survey and literature the combination of field investigation. This paper first constructs a theoretical framework to analyze the performance in competition, the international competitiveness of China seed industry competition strength and the competition potential; then with the help of the international market share index, revealed comparative advantage index analysis tools, descriptive statistical analysis and calculation on the level of international competitiveness of China's seed industry from the angle of market share. From the perspective of market share analysis of the existing China seed industry competitive performance; and then build around the "production factors, innovation ability, the quality of the products, the government" The four key elements, the relevant statistics and with the resource endowment index, the export product quality upgrading index analysis tools such as influence on the international competitiveness of the seed industry Chinese factor analysis, analysis of the competitive strength of China seed gap from the perspective of competitive factors; then use professor Michael Porter's "Diamond Model", the diagnosis analysis of deep-seated reasons of limiting enhance the competitiveness of China's seed industry, seed industry analysis of future competition potential; strategic demand Chinese seed industry should speed up the "going out" based on the existing product advantage Chinese seed industry, the target market is analyzed; and finally proposes some suggestions for improving the level of China's seed industry international competitiveness and to discuss the relevant conclusions and problems. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
(1) to analyze the international competitiveness of the seed industry China from market share (competitive performance), angle results: but in the global seed market share competition, China obtained foreign market share less, lose the domestic market share; export market mainly concentrated in Asia, while the share of less.IMS, large markets in Africa and South America, RCA, TSC, CA calculation results show that the Chinese seed industry at present the overall level of international competitiveness, and the United States, there is a big gap between Holland and other seed power, but the level of competitiveness of Chinese seed industry increased significantly. Relatively speaking, the competitiveness of vegetable seeds than field crops and crop seed competitiveness has surpassed the developed countries such as Germany; in field crops, China's rice and cotton seed with obvious competitive advantages, competitive advantage of rape seeds began to appear.
(2) from the factors of production, innovation ability, the quality of the products, the four elements of the government to analyze the factors affecting the competitiveness of the seed industry Chinese (competitive strength results show that production factors), and government factors have an impact on the competitiveness of the seed industry, but it is not the key factor; the factors of intellectual property rights has become a key constraint factor in enhancing the international competitiveness of our country seed industry; quality factor is the key factor for the competitiveness of China's seed industry existing; Chinese seed industry competitive strength at present serious shortage, but Chinese seed industry should focus on product quality competitiveness of existing as an opportunity to accelerate the upgrading and consolidate and develop the seed market share and the ability to control, in order to cope with the increasingly fierce international competition. Seed market share
(3) analyze the deep reasons of restricting the international competitiveness of China seed from the diamond model (competitive potential), analysis: from the perspective of market demand, low level of industrialization, competitive products, lack of market research and development oriented restrict the international competitiveness level China seed industry; from the related and supporting industries, the lack of effective communication between the relevant and the support industry and seed industry each link of restricting Chinese seed industry competitiveness; from the enterprise strategy structure and competition situation, existing research, evaluation system of science and technology is not perfect, the lack of overseas market investment, the degree of market is low restricted Chinese seed seed industry competitiveness. Obviously, now more reason to enhance Chinese seed industry competitiveness the restriction, but also reflects the future promotion seed industry has great potential.
(4) seed industry to make full use of two markets at home and abroad, the level of international competitiveness of two kinds of resources can be better. China is "going out" by the low value of seed varieties began to transition to the high value of the seeds. The hybrid rice has become strategic products, the future development of the seed industry in China's future in Southeast Asia, Africa, Central Asia is the three largest target areas of China's seed industry "going out", and Central Asia will be China's seed industry strategic focus in "going out". China government departments should pay attention to China Seed Industry Guide going out ", to speed up the China seed industry" going out "pace, fully share the global seed market.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F324.6

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