统收式采棉机除杂系统的研究设计

发布时间：2018-03-25 16:31

本文选题：采棉机　切入点：除杂系统　出处：《石河子大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：新疆是我国最大的商品棉生产基地，也是全国唯一的长绒棉生产基地。棉花的种植面积和产量连续多年位居全国首位，棉花产业已成为新疆的支柱产业，对新疆经济的发展有着至关重要的作用，棉花收获机械化是实现棉花产业化发展的必由之路。研制具有自主知识产权的采棉机，不仅从技术上打破国外的垄断，价格也较国外的采棉机低，这有利于该机在国内的推广和广泛应用。统收式采棉机就是其中的代表，它具有较高的采净率，但是所采摘的棉花含杂率高，针对这一情况本课题应用现代设计方法，对除杂系统进行研究设计。（1）本文分析了棉花清杂系统的国内外研究现状，明确了现有清杂系统的结构及工作原理，提出了本论文的研究内容和研究目标；接着从研究棉花的收获方式及特点入手，分析了杂质的形成机理与分离条件，进而研究杂质的分离原理与方法，结合统收式采棉机自身的特点，采用机械与气力相结合的除杂方式，最终完成了除杂系统的总体方案设计。（2）为了研究棉花与杂质的分离条件，从棉花的农艺特性入手，进而测定采摘物中各成分的物理特性，包括棉桃质量、棉壳质量、单铃棉花质量、棉杆质量以及棉花含水率和采摘物中各成分的密度等，测定这些参数是为了估算物料在气流中的悬浮速度；对物料在输送管道中的运动特性进行分析，运用数学分析方法，建立物料在输送管道中的运动速度与运行时间的函数关系，为研究物料在输送管道中的运动及对输送管道的设计奠定了基础。（3）确定了风送系统的相关参数，，包括物料输送量、输送风量大小、物料在输送过程中的压力损失及输送管道的曲率半径等，最终确定风机的型号，完成气力输送系统的设计。（4）依照机械除杂系统的设计原则和技术要求，结合采棉机自身的特点，选择六棍清杂机构并完成了主要零部件的设计和相关参数的优化；利用Adams软件对滚筒受不同作用力时的振动情况进行了分析，分析了棉花在不同滚筒转速下的速度、位移、加速度，确定了滚筒的最优转速范围为300-450r/min；滚筒采用液压元件驱动，克服了机械传动的缺点，实现了滚筒转速的实时控制，最后完成了统收式采棉机除杂系统的三维建模。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is the largest commercial cotton production base in China and the only long staple cotton production base in China. Cotton planting area and output have been ranked first in the country for many years, and cotton industry has become a pillar industry in Xinjiang. The mechanization of cotton harvesting is the only way to realize the development of cotton industrialization. The development of cotton pickers with independent intellectual property rights not only breaks the monopoly of foreign countries technically, but also plays an important role in the economic development of Xinjiang. The price is also lower than that of foreign cotton pickers, which is conducive to the popularization and wide application of this machine in China. In view of this situation, this subject applies the modern design method, carries on the research and design to the impurity removal system. 1) this paper analyzes the present research situation of cotton cleaning system at home and abroad, clarifies the structure and working principle of the existing cleaning system, puts forward the research content and research goal of this paper, and then begins with the research of cotton harvest mode and characteristics. The formation mechanism and separation condition of impurity are analyzed, and the separation principle and method of impurity are studied. Finally, the overall scheme design of the impurity removal system is completed. In order to study the separation conditions between cotton and impurities, the physical properties of the components in picking matter, including the weight of cotton peach, the weight of cotton shell and the weight of cotton per boll, were determined from the agronomic characteristics of cotton. The cotton stem mass, cotton moisture content and the density of each component in the picking matter are measured to estimate the suspension velocity of the material in the airflow, the movement characteristics of the material in the conveying pipeline are analyzed, and the mathematical analysis method is used. The function relationship between the moving speed and the running time of the material in the pipeline is established, which lays a foundation for the study of the movement of the material in the pipeline and the design of the pipeline. The relevant parameters of the air conveying system are determined, including the quantity of material conveying, the size of the air volume, the pressure loss of the material in the conveying process and the curvature radius of the conveying pipeline, etc. Finally, the model of the fan is determined and the design of the pneumatic conveying system is completed. 4) according to the design principle and technical requirement of mechanical impurity removal system, combined with the characteristics of cotton picker, the six-bar cleaning mechanism is selected, and the design of main parts and the optimization of related parameters are completed. The vibration of the drum subjected to different forces is analyzed by using Adams software. The speed, displacement and acceleration of cotton under different rotational speeds are analyzed. The optimum rotational speed range of the drum is determined to be 300-450 r / min, and the cylinder is driven by hydraulic components. It overcomes the shortcomings of mechanical transmission, realizes the real-time control of drum speed, and finally completes the 3D modeling of the integrated cotton harvester's impurity removal system.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：S225.911

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