国家管辖范围外海域海洋遗传资源获取与惠益分享机制之构建

发布时间：2018-03-29 22:03

本文选题：国际法　切入点：国家管辖范围外海域　出处：《中国政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家管辖范围外海域海洋遗传资源作为新兴的海洋资源,具有巨大的科研价值和商业价值,日益成为各国争夺的热点。但其法律地位至今尚未明确,且无相关国际立法对其利用进行规范,致使相关研究和利用一直处于“先到先得”的无序状态。文章第一部分以国际社会对国家管辖范围外海域海洋遗传资源利用的争议为出发点,介绍遗传资源的定义发展、价值、利用中的现存问题。再就国际社会对该遗传资源的法律地位,分别阐述国际社会的三派观点:美俄日加为代表的“海洋利用派”、77国集团为代表的“惠益分享派”、欧盟为代表的“环保派”的各自立场,并提出作者的见解;第二部分从法律基础入手,分析该遗传资源作为“人类共同继承财产”的特征、利用原则,并得出需要构建获取与惠益分享机制的结论。紧接着,在获取制度中提取其重点问题,即获取的批准、获取的条件、获取的用途、获取的成本四个方面,在惠益分享制度中提取惠益分享的主体、模式、内容、监测、激励制度五个方面,借鉴《生物多样性公约》、《波恩准则》、《名古屋议定书》、《粮食和农业遗传资源国际公约》、《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》等相关规定,对该遗传资源获取与惠益分享机制的构建提出设想;第三部分,指出我国参与该遗传资源利用的现状、存在的问题以及我国应有的对策。本文建议应该给海洋遗传资源下一个明确定义,并结合实际扩大其范围。在构建获取与惠益分享机制时,应考虑为重要的海洋遗传资源设立一个多边系统,以便缔约国得以更简便迅速的获取。在惠益分享模式上,本文持立法模式和合同模式相结合的观点,认为这样的模式更具灵活性而又确保了发展中国家的主动权。此外,本文认为该惠益分享机制应当引入专利相关制度作为激励机制。本文以现存的问题和争议为出发点,运用了法理分析方法、法条解释学方法、归纳总结方法、对比研究方法对相关法条进行分析,本文研究目的是通过分析研究其他相关国际条约的获取与惠益分享制度,为该领域海洋遗传资源的获取和惠益分享机制的构建提出建议,为填补这一法律空白尽一份微薄之力。
[Abstract]:Marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction, as emerging marine resources, have great scientific and commercial value, and have increasingly become the hot spots of contention among countries. However, their legal status has not yet been clarified, And there is no relevant international legislation to regulate its use, The first part of the paper introduces the definition, development and value of genetic resources based on the controversy of the international community over the utilization of marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Existing problems in use... With regard to the legal status of the international community with regard to the genetic resource, This paper expounds the views of three schools of the international community: the "Marine Utilization School" represented by the United States, Russia, Japan and Canada, and the "benefit-sharing group" represented by the Group of 77 and the "Environmental Protection faction" represented by the European Union, and the author's opinions are put forward. The second part starts with the legal basis, analyzes the characteristics of the genetic resource as "the common heritage of mankind", uses the principle, and draws the conclusion that it is necessary to construct the mechanism of access and benefit-sharing. Extract its key issues in the access system, namely, the approval of access, the conditions for acquisition, the purpose of acquisition, the cost of acquisition, the main body, model, content, monitoring of benefit-sharing in the benefit-sharing system, Drawing on the relevant provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Bonn guidelines, the Nagoya Protocol, the International Convention on genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights, In the third part, the author points out the current situation of China's participation in the utilization of genetic resources. This paper suggests that a clear definition of marine genetic resources should be made, and its scope should be expanded in the light of the actual situation. Consideration should be given to the establishment of a multilateral system for important marine genetic resources for easier and faster access by States parties. In terms of the benefit-sharing model, this paper takes the view of a combination of legislative and contractual modalities, It is considered that such a model is more flexible and ensures the initiative of developing countries. In addition, this paper argues that the benefit-sharing mechanism should introduce patent-related systems as an incentive mechanism. Using the methods of legal theory analysis, article hermeneutics, summing up and contrasting research methods, the purpose of this paper is to study the access and benefit-sharing system of other relevant international treaties. Suggestions are made for the construction of access and benefit-sharing mechanisms for marine genetic resources in this field, and a modest contribution is made to fill this legal gap.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

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