论标准必要专利滥用及反垄断规制

发布时间：2018-04-02 11:28

本文选题：标准必要专利必要专利滥用反垄断规制　切入点：FRAND　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当"专利"这一私法领域的财产权利被纳入标准后,其权利的具体行使不再简单的是专利权人的个人行为,特别是被纳入国家标准与国际标准的必要专利,权利人行使专利的行为将受到更多的规范与限制。因为一旦一项专利技术成为标准要求中的必要专利技术,那么这项专利技术就成为所有想要参与该商品市场竞争的经营者不得不使用的专利技术,这也导致该项专利技术在标准规定下的相关市场是具有唯一性和不可替代性的,因此当专利权人在标准必要专利被实施的过程中,滥用其个人权利时必然会产生限制和阻碍市场竞争的效果。目前在国际上普遍适用的FRAND原则,对标准必要专利权滥用可以起到一定的规制作用。但是由于在世界范围内并没有一个统一的、官方的国际标准组织或国际标准统一协定,一个专利被纳入标准更多的是部分组织、个体之间谈判妥协的结果,这就导致当标准必要专利在具体实施中产生问题时,FRAND原则由于缺乏强制性,一是不能很好的解决围绕必要专利发生的矛盾冲突;二是依据该原则作出的裁判在实际执行过程中并不能取得良好效果,权利人劫持专利的现象更是一再发生。传统观点认为知识产权与反垄断法二者是相互矛盾的:专利权是法律为权利人创设的一种排他性的垄断性权利,即权利人可以利用自己的智力成果取得独占的经济效益而不受他人侵害;而反垄断法恰恰是要消除市场垄断,保护自由竞争。实际上知识产权法与反垄断法在对竞争的促进和对消费者的保护上,二者并不存在矛盾关系,而是相辅相成的促进关系。在一个公平、自由的市场环境下,通过赋予专利权人一定的保护性利益激发他们创造性,通过不断的优化竞争进而促进行业经济的快速发展。本文就是基于这样一个认识前提而产生。第一章首先介绍了标准必要专利权,通过对标准、专利和标准必要专利等基本概念的认识,了解其产生的背景和必要性。然后接着探讨了国际上通行的FRAND原则,分析其产生的原因,以及在适用过程中由于FRAND原则缺乏强制性,导致可操作性不强,容易发生标准必要专利权滥用行为。第二章主要介绍了标准必要专利权下具体滥用行为的分类,这些行为都是在经济生活中经常遇见的行为,通过对这些具体行为的剖析,了解这些滥用行为的具体构成要件以及将会对市场竞争产生的危害。第三章主要是针对上一章滥用行为进行的反垄断规制探讨,也是本文的重点内容。本章的第一小节是对滥用必要专利权的行为性质进行界定,考虑到必要专利在相关市场具有绝对市场优势地位,所以本文认定对必要专利权的滥用在性质上属于市场垄断行为。接下来的第二小节根据专利法与反垄断法对有关专利权问题的不同要求,本文认为适用反垄断法规制标准必要专利滥用行为是具有一定的合理性和必要性。第三小节内容根据讨论划分的标准不同,分为三部分内容。首先是根据不同区域对标准必要专利权滥用的规定不同,主要介绍了美国和欧盟的相关法律规定;第二部分是根据不同的立法层面,从国际法角度注重分析了 WTO视野下对该问题进行了哪些规定;最后一部分是对我国在这个问题上的相关立法实践进行分析和探讨,经过对比不难看出我国立法在标准必要专利问题上是存在一定滞后性的,这对中国的经济发展是非常不利的,这也倒逼我国法律自身进行完善。第四章是文章的结尾部分,这一章主要是在分析了国内外是如何利用法规对标准必要专利滥用行为进行规制之后,根据目前在司法实践中出现的一些问题,本文试着给出一些完善意见。
[Abstract]:When the "patent" the field of private property rights were included in the standard, the exercise of their rights is no longer simply personal behavior of the patent, especially essential patents were included in the national standard and international standard, right to exercise the Patent Act will be subject to more regulations and restrictions. Because once a patent technology as the standard requirements of the necessary patent technology, then the patent technology has become all want to participate in the competition of the commodity market operators have to use the patented technology, which also led to the relevant market the patented technology in the standards is unique and irreplaceable, so when the patentee to be implemented in standard essential patents, the abuse of the rights of the individual will have to limit and hinder market competition. The effect of FRAND universal principles at present in the world, the necessary standard The abuse of patent rights can play a certain regulation effects. But because there is no unified in the world, the official international standard organization or international standard agreement, a patent is included in the standard is more a part of the organization, the compromise between individuals, which leads to problems in when the standard essential patents in specific implementation, the principle of FRAND due to the lack of mandatory, one is not a good solution to the conflict occurred around the necessary patent; two is on the basis of the principle of the referee in the actual implementation process and cannot achieve good effect, the rights of people hijacked patent phenomenon is happening again and again. The traditional view of intellectual property and antitrust the two method is contradictory: the patent is an exclusive legal right for people to create monopoly rights, namely the right people can get exclusive use of their intellectual achievements The economic benefit of others without violating antitrust law; and it is to eliminate the monopoly of the market, protect the free competition. In fact, the intellectual property rights law and the antimonopoly law in the competition and to promote consumer protection, there is no contradiction between the two, but complementary to each other to promote relations. In a fair and free under the market environment, stimulate their creativity by giving the patentee interests protection, by optimizing the competition continuously and promote the rapid development of the industry economy. This paper is based on the premise of this understanding arises. The first chapter introduces the standard necessary patent right, based on the understanding of the basic concepts of standards, patents and standards necessary patents, understand the background and necessity of its appearance. And then discusses the principle of FRAND international, analysis of its causes, and in the process of the application by FRAND The principle leads to the lack of mandatory, operability is not strong, prone to standard necessary patent abuse. The second chapter mainly introduces the classification standard essential patent under specific abuses, these acts are often met in the economic life of the behavior, through the analysis of the specific behavior, understand the harm of these specific elements the abuse and will produce to the market competition. The third chapter mainly discusses the anti-monopoly regulation of the abuse of the last chapter, the key contents of this paper. The first section of this chapter is to define the nature of the behavior of abuse of necessary patent right, taking into account the necessary patent has the absolute dominant position in the relevant market. So this paper finds the abuse of patent right belongs to the necessary market monopoly behavior in nature. In the next second sections according to the patent law and Antimonopoly Law on College The different requirements of rights issues, the necessary for the regulation of anti monopoly law standard patent abuse has certain rationality and necessity. The third section discusses the division of content according to different standards, the content is divided into three parts. The first is based on the different regions of the standard necessary patent abuse provisions, mainly introduced the related law provisions of the United States and the European Union; the second part is according to the different legislative levels, from the perspective of international law on analysis of the WTO perspective on the issue of what provisions; the last part is the analysis and discussion of our country on this issue of the relevant legislative practice, after the comparison is not difficult to see that there is a certain degree of legislation in China the lag in the standard essential patents on the China economic development is very unfavorable, it also forced our own legal improvement. The fourth chapter is the In the ending part, this chapter mainly analyzes how to regulate the abuse of standard necessary patents at home and abroad. According to some problems in judicial practice, this paper tries to give some suggestions for improvement.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

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