中国制造业国际竞争力比较分析

发布时间：2018-04-09 09:45

本文选题：制造业　切入点：产业国际竞争力　出处：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：受国际分工的影响,发达国家为了利用廉价的生产要素,将产业链的最低端转移到发展中国家。中国制造业依靠其强大的劳动力优势和广阔的国内市场,吸引了大量制造业跨国公司来华投资。同时,中国政府制定了优惠的外资政策,加强基础设施建设,优化投资环境,吸引更多资本来中国投资,促进了中国制造业的发展。2010年中国制造业产值的全球份额达到19.8%,成为全球最大的制造业国家。同时,制造业的快速发展也促进了我国国民生产总值的稳步增加,制造业已经成为我国的支柱产业。然而,受人民币升值、通货膨胀、税收优惠政策取消等不利因素的影响,中国制造业的低成本比较优势逐渐弱化。相比之下,发展水平较差的东南亚国家,凭借其廉价的劳动力成本,吸引了大量的外商直接投资。同时2007年次贷危机引发的全球金融危机使欧美发达经济体意识到实体经济的重要性,美国、德国等国家提出了“再工业化”战略,尤其是在高端制造业上,并提出了具体的优惠措施。受内外不利因素的影响,2012年中国制造业实际使用外商直接投资金额较去年下降6.2%,外商直接投资企业数下降19.3%。在这种复杂的国内外环境下,我们需要了解中国制造业实际的国际竞争力到底处于何种水平?我们要如何应对东南亚低成本国家和欧美发达经济体的双面夹击,提高自身制造业的国际竞争力?为分析这些问题,本文共分为五个部分：第一章是文章的绪论,介绍了本文的研究背景和意义、文献综述、研究思路和方法、文章创新点及不足之处。第二章是相关概念以及理论基础。首先对制造业定义及分类、制造业附加值以及产业国际竞争力进行了界定。然后从比较竞争优势理论和国家竞争优势理论两个角度分析了产业国际竞争力理论基础。第三章从三个方面研究了我国制造业的国际竞争力现状：一是从研究我国制造业贸易发展及制造业附加值的构成两方面对我国制造业现状进行分析；二是对我国制造业面临的不利因素新变化进行了分析；三是利用国际市场占有率和显示性竞争优势指数两个指标分析了国内九大制造业的国际竞争力以及不同发展水平的国家的国际竞争力。第四章选取劳动力成本、基础设施和物流能力、国内市场规模、税收政策和创新能力五个因素,进行定量国际比较,分析我国制造业存在潜在国际竞争力的竞争因素。第五章从五个角度分析提高中国制造业国际竞争力的途径。一是将劳动密集型比较优势转化为竞争优势。首先是提高劳动者素质,优化人才结构。然后是鼓励技术创新,提高产品附加值。其次是培育制造业产业集群,发展规模制造业企业。二是要致力于国际合作,优化制造业产业结构。一方面我们应加强中国-东盟经济合作,依托东盟国家资源优势,加强过剩产能向东盟的转移,加大对东盟制造业的投资,利用东盟的充足的资源。另一方面我们还要加强与发达经济体合作,抓住机遇,积极引进发达国家的先进技术,同时加强对美制造业的投资,提升我国制造业在国际中的地位。三是要加快自主研发与创新能力：培养高素质人才,实现人力驱动的创新；营造创新的政策环境,加大对知识产权的保护；加快品牌建设,营造企业创新环境和文化理念。四是深化税收体制改革,减轻企业负担。五是要促进生产性服务业的发展,实现与制造业的融合。
[Abstract]:Affected by the international division of labor, the developed countries in order to use cheap factors of production, the transfer of the most low-end industrial chain to developing countries. China manufacturing rely on its strong labor advantage and broad domestic market, attracting a large number of manufacturing companies to invest in China. At the same time, China government has formulated preferential policies, strengthen infrastructure the construction, optimize the investment environment, attract more capital to China investment, promote the development of.2010 China manufacturing China years manufacturing output of the global share reached 19.8%, becoming the world's largest manufacturing country. At the same time, the rapid development of the manufacturing industry also contributed to the steady increase of GDP in China, the manufacturing industry has become a pillar industry of our country.
However, affected by the appreciation of the renminbi, inflation, tax preferential policy to cancel the influence of unfavorable factors, the advantage of low cost China manufacturing industry gradually weakened. In contrast, the development level of the Southeast Asian countries, with its cheap labor cost, attracting a large number of foreign direct investment. At the same time, the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis triggered by the global financial crisis. The developed economies of Europe and realized the importance of the real economy, the United States, Germany and other countries put forward the "re industrialization" strategy, especially in the high-end manufacturing, and puts forward some concrete preferential measures. Affected by the unfavorable factors, in 2012 China manufacturing the actual use of foreign direct investment fell by 6.2% compared with last year, down 19.3%. the number of Foreign Direct Investment Enterprises
In such a complex environment at home and abroad, we need to understand the actual international competitiveness of manufacturing industry Chinese exactly at what level? We want to how to deal with the double low cost countries in Southeast Asia and the developed economies of Europe and the attack, improve the international competitiveness of our manufacturing industry? For the analysis of these problems, this paper is divided into five parts:
The first chapter is the introduction of the article, which introduces the background and significance of the research, the literature review, the research ideas and methods, the innovation and the shortcomings of the article.
The second chapter is the related concepts and theoretical basis. Firstly, the definition and classification of manufacturing industry, value added manufacturing industry and the international competitiveness of industry are defined. Then the basic theory of industrial international competitiveness analysis from two aspects of competitive advantage theory and the theory of national competitive advantage.
The third chapter studies the current situation of the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry from three aspects: one is from the study of manufacturing trade development and the manufacturing industry added value in China. Through the analysis of China's manufacturing industry in two aspects; two new changes facing negative factors of the manufacturing industry in China are analyzed; three share and display the competitive advantage index of two indicators for analysis of the international competitiveness of domestic manufacturing industry and the nine different levels of development of countries with the international competitiveness of the international market.
The fourth chapter selects labor costs, infrastructure and logistics capabilities, domestic market scale, tax policy and innovation capacity five factors to conduct quantitative international comparison, and analyzes the competitive factors of China's manufacturing industry's potential international competitiveness.
The fifth chapter analysis from five aspects of ways to improve the international competitiveness China manufacturing industry. One is the comparative advantage of labor-intensive into competitive advantages. The first is to improve the quality of workers, optimizing the structure of talent. And encourage technological innovation, improve the added value of the products. The second is to cultivate the industry cluster, the development scale of manufacturing enterprises. Two is committed to international cooperation, optimize the industrial structure of manufacturing industry. On the one hand, we should strengthen the Chinese ASEAN economic cooperation in ASEAN countries, relying on the advantages of resources, strengthen the surplus production capacity to increase the transfer of ASEAN, ASEAN manufacturing investment, utilize the abundant resources of ASEAN. On the other hand we have strengthened and developed economy cooperation, seize the opportunity to actively introduce advanced technology in developed countries, while strengthening the U.S. manufacturing investment, enhance China's manufacturing industry in the international status of the three is to speed up the self. The main research and innovation ability, cultivating high-quality talents, realize human driven innovation; create innovation policy environment, strengthen the protection of intellectual property; accelerate brand building, to create the innovation environment and cultural concept. The four is to deepen the reform of the tax system, reduce the burden to the enterprise. The five is to promote the development of producer services. Achieve integration and manufacturing.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F424

【参考文献】