知识产权保护、中间品进口与中国外贸竞争力

发布时间：2018-04-14 05:15

本文选题：知识产权保护 + 中间品进口　；参考：《湖南大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：传统的内生增长理论认为,技术进步是经济发展和增长的主要动力。技术进步离不开知识的积累,在科技是第一生产力的今天,知识创新和知识产权已成为全球化知识经济时代非常重要的资源。产品和服务作为知识的载体,通过国际贸易在国家间进行流通,一国的知识创新水平决定了一国在全球生产过程中的生产地位和福利。知识产权和知识产权保护对于一国贸易水平的提升以及对外贸易战略转型具有不可忽视的重要作用。WTO《与贸易有关的知识产权》(TRIPS)协定的实施对发展中国家经济增长和外贸发展产生了非常重要的影响。TRIPS协定下发展中国家应该采取何种知识产权保护政策,已成为能否克服技术困境、促进经济长期增长和外贸竞争力提升的关键因素。中国是出口战略导向型的发展中大国,改革开放以来的外贸快速增长带来了经济的繁荣发展,2013年中国已超越美国成为世界最大的货物出口国,同时也是世界第二大进口国。外贸的发展对经济增长的驱动作用十分突出。2010年中国经济总量超越日本,成为全球第二大经济体。随着运输成本的不断下降和通讯技术的发展,经济全球化不断加强,国际贸易的本质也发生了很大改变,传统的出口商品生产只在单一国家完成的情况,已经被众多国家参与、生产任务分割、全球范围内生产的新型国际生产体系所替代。在全球生产网络和TRIPS协定框架下,研究知识产权保护与外贸竞争力之间的关系,对于制定合理可行的知识产权保护策略,更好地促进中国外贸竞争力提升,促进经济长期稳定增长,无疑具有重大实践意义。现有研究更多的关注知识产权保护制度比较完善的发达国家,而对于知识产权保护比较薄弱的发展中国家的考察相对较少,尤其是知识产权保护对外贸竞争力影响的研究更少。本文基于全球生产网络的视角,在内生增长理论和新新贸易理论的分析框架下考察了知识产权保护对中间品进口的市场扩张效应和市场垄断效应,通过理论研究和实证分析,并对知识产权保护通过中间品进口影响外贸竞争力的作用机制进行了深入研究。随着国际生产分工的细化,传统的以总值贸易为口径的外贸竞争力评价指标存在缺陷,而以增值贸易为基础的外贸竞争力评价指标更为科学合理。传统的外贸竞争力是指一个国家可供贸易的产品、产业以及从事贸易的企业在向本国开放的外国市场上所具有的开拓市场并获得利润的能力。在全球生产网络下,伴随着中间品贸易的井喷,全球价值链已构成众多国家参与、生产任务分割、全球范围内生产的新型国际生产体系。这种新型生产体系决定了一国只参与出口产品某些环节的生产,获得这些增值环节的贸易利得。因此传统外贸竞争力测算主要采用的显性比较优势指数、显示性竞争优势指数、贸易专业化指数等已不能完全反映全球生产网络下外贸竞争力。而基于贸易增加值数据,从价值链的视角改进传统显性比较优势指数,考虑了产品全球生产和分配的事实,利用其来科学测度一国外贸竞争力指数,可以更为准确的反映一国的外贸竞争力,更加科学合理。总体而言,基于全球生产网络的中国外贸竞争力在逐步提升,但行业间存在较大差异。制造业总体的外贸竞争力在逐步提升,其中劳动密集型制造业具有较强的外贸竞争力,但呈现下降趋势;知识密集型制造业国际竞争力较低,但呈现明显的上升趋势,将是未来制造业外贸竞争力提升的主要着力点;资本密集型制造业行业的外贸竞争力较为平稳,仍有待进一步挖掘和提升。初级产业的外贸竞争力在逐步下降,表明中国农业和采掘业的生产率的提升幅度不大,随着未来产业结构升级的逐步加快,初级产业的出口比重相对制造业和服务业仍会逐步下降,其国际竞争力未来一段时间仍将呈现下降趋势;服务业在国民生产总值中的比重越来越大,但其外贸竞争力仍不明显,有待进一步提升。基于引力模型通过构建知识产权保护与中间品进口的理论影响机制发现:进口国知识产权保护的程度与进口国的中间品进口流量呈线性关系,同时知识产权保护加强对中间品进口的影响取决于其带来的“市场扩张效应”和“市场垄断效应”两种力量的博弈。中间品进口通过中间产品和资本品投入增加效应、示范和模仿效应和竞争效应带来一定程度的技术外溢;通过补偿渠道和技术转移渠道提升企业的生产率;通过促进企业生产专业化和优化资源配置来提升生产者福利,进而促进外贸竞争力的提升。中国加强知识产权保护对中间品进口贸易的影响中市场扩张效应占据主导地位。利用中国与全球39个国家和地区的跨国数据实证发现,知识产权保护(ipp)对中国中间品进口的影响为正,且系数较大,并在1%的水平下较为显著,表明中国加强知识产权保护对中间品进口贸易的诸多影响中,市场扩张效应占据主导地位,知识产权保护力度的加强,会带来越来越多、越来越好的中间品进口。知识产权保护通过中间品进口对外贸竞争力具有显著的正向促进作用。根据行业层面的数据通过回归模型进行实证分析的结果显示,知识产权保护和中间品进口交叉项对外贸竞争力的回归系数为0.32,并且在1%的水平上显著,表明知识产权保护通过中间品进口对中国外贸竞争力有显著的正向影响。通过知识产权保护力度的提高对我国外贸竞争力的提升有显著的促进作用。同时,知识产权保护对贸易的影响存在明显的行业特征。具体而言,知识产权保护和中间品进口对不同行业外贸竞争力的影响是不同的,技术密集型行业外贸竞争力对知识产权保护和中间品产品进口交叉项的反应程度最敏感,最小的是劳动密集型行业。本文的主要研究结论对于中国以及其他发展中国家具有很强的政策性启示。一方面,要逐步提升知识产权保护水平对知识产权保护制度的安排要围绕本国经济发展水平制定相应的战略性知识产权保护政策,与经济发展水平相适应,应逐步提高知识产权保护水平;建立健全知识产权相关法律法规,强化执行力度;应注意知识产权保护水平的行业和地区差异性。另一方面,强化知识产权保护对中间品进口水平的提升,破除中间品进口壁垒,促进高质量、高技术中间产品进口;推动人力资本建设,建立知识产权预警机制,发挥知识产权保护和中间品进口的协同机制,提升外贸竞争力。
[Abstract]:According to the traditional endogenous growth theory, technological progress is the main driving force of economic development and growth. Technological progress cannot do without the accumulation of knowledge in science and technology is the first productivity today, knowledge innovation and intellectual property has become a very important resource of knowledge economy era. Products and services as the carrier of knowledge, through international trade circulation in the country, the level of knowledge innovation of a country determines the production status and welfare of a country in the world in the process of production. Intellectual property and intellectual property protection to the level of a country's trade promotion as well as the foreign trade strategy transformation can not be ignored the important role of.WTO< and trade related intellectual property rights "(TRIPS) the implementation of the agreement the agreement under the effect of.TRIPS is very important in developing countries should adopt intellectual property protection policy to the economic growth of developing countries and the development of foreign trade Has become a strategy, can overcome the technical difficulties, a key factor in promoting economic growth and enhance the competitiveness of foreign trade. China is developing country export oriented strategy, since the reform and opening up, the rapid growth of foreign trade has brought economic prosperity, 2013 Chinese beyond United States to become the world's largest exporter of goods, but also the world's second importer. Foreign trade development is very prominent driving effect on economic growth in.2010 China total economy surpassed Japan to become the world's second largest economy. With the development of transport costs continue to decline and communication technology, economic globalization continue to strengthen, the essence of international trade has undergone great changes, the traditional production of export commodities only in one country, has been involved in many countries, the production task division, replaced by the new international production system produced worldwide. In the global production network and under the TRIPS agreement, the study of the relationship between intellectual property protection and trade competitiveness, for the development of intellectual property protection strategy is reasonable and feasible, to better promote Chinese foreign trade competitiveness, promote the long-term and stable economic growth, it undoubtedly has a great practical significance. The existing research in developed countries pay more attention to the protection of intellectual property rights system the study of intellectual property protection for the weak in developing countries is relatively small, especially the protection of intellectual property rights less influence on foreign trade competitiveness. This paper based on the perspective of global production networks, endogenous growth theory and new trade theory analysis under the framework of analyzing the effect of market expansion and market monopoly of intellectual property protection of import for intermediate goods, through theoretical research and empirical analysis, and the protection of intellectual property rights in the intermediate goods The influence mechanism of export trade competitiveness has been studied. With the development of international division of labor, the traditional trade as the evaluation index to the value of the caliber of the foreign trade competitiveness evaluation index defects, the competitiveness of foreign trade in value-added trade as the foundation is more scientific and reasonable. The traditional foreign trade competitiveness refers to a country for trade the ability of product, industry and foreign trade enterprises have to open their own foreign markets to open up the market and gain profit. In the global production network, with the intermediate goods trade blowout, the global value chain has been formed in many countries to participate in the production task, segmentation, new international production system produced worldwide the new production system determines a country only in some segments of the production of export products, these value-added trade profits. So the traditional foreign trade competitive power The main measure of dominant comparative advantage index, revealed competitive advantage index, trade specialization index has not fully reflect the foreign trade competitiveness in the global production network. Based on the added value of trade data, improve the traditional dominant comparative advantage index from the perspective of the value chain, the global production and distribution of facts, using the index of foreign trade to scientifically measure the competitiveness of a country, it can more accurately reflect a country's foreign trade competitiveness, more scientific and reasonable. Overall, the competitiveness of China foreign trade based on the global production network is gradually improving, but there is a big difference between industries. The overall manufacturing trade competitiveness is gradually improving, the labor-intensive manufacturing industry has a strong foreign trade competitiveness, but showed a downward trend; knowledge intensive manufacturing industry international competitiveness is low, but showed a clear upward trend, the future will be made The main points of improving the competitiveness of foreign trade industry; capital intensive manufacturing industry foreign trade competitiveness is relatively stable, still need further exploration and improvement of the primary industry. The foreign trade competitiveness in a gradual decline, showed that increasing the amplitude Chinese agriculture and mining industry productivity, with the future of the upgrading of industrial structure gradually accelerated, the proportion of exports of primary industry relative to the manufacturing and service industries will gradually decline, the international competitiveness of the next period of time will still show a downward trend; the proportion of service industry in GDP is growing, but its trade competitiveness is still not clear, needs to be further improved. The gravity model by constructing the theory of intellectual property protection mechanism and effect of imported intermediate goods based on the import of intermediate goods traffic: there is a linear relationship between the degree of protection of intellectual property rights in the importing country and the importing country, while protecting intellectual property The import of intermediate goods depends on the influence of the "market expansion effect" and "market effect" of the two forces of the game. The intermediate goods imports of intermediate products and capital goods investment increase effect, demonstration and imitation effect and competition effect brought a certain degree of technology spillover; through compensation channels and channels to promote technology transfer the productivity of the enterprise; through the promotion of enterprise production specialization and optimize the allocation of resources to enhance the producer welfare, and promote foreign trade competitiveness. China strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights trade imports of intermediate goods affect the expansion effect in the market dominant position. By using the empirical data of transnational Chinese and 39 countries and regions in the world, intellectual property rights the protection effect of intermediate (IPP) Chinese import is positive, and the coefficient is larger, and the 1% level is significant, that Chinese strengthen intellectual property The protection of the right to influence import of trade in intermediate goods, market expansion effect occupies the dominant position, strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, will bring more and more, more and more intermediate goods imports. The protection of intellectual property rights has a significant positive effect on the competitiveness of foreign trade through the import of intermediate goods. According to industry level data through regression model the empirical analysis shows that, the import of intellectual property protection and intermediate goods cross terms on foreign trade competitiveness and the regression coefficient was 0.32, statistically significant at the 1% level, that the protection of intellectual property rights through the import of intermediate goods has significant positive impact on foreign trade competitiveness. China has a significant role in promoting the protection of intellectual property rights to improve the foreign trade competitiveness of our country. At the same time, effect of intellectual property protection on trade has obvious characteristics of the industry. Specifically, intellectual property rights Effect of protection and the import of intermediate goods trade competitiveness of different industries is different, the most sensitive technology intensive industry trade competitiveness of the degree of response to the protection of intellectual property rights and intermediate goods imports cross terms, the smallest is labor-intensive industries. The main research conclusions for Chinese and other development China furniture policy enlightenment very strong. On the one hand, to gradually improve the design level of intellectual property protection on intellectual property rights protection system to establish strategic policies for intellectual property protection on their level of economic development, adapt to the level of economic development, should gradually increase the level of protection of intellectual property rights; establish and perfect the relevant laws and regulations of intellectual property rights, strengthen enforcement should be; note the difference in the level of intellectual property protection industries and regions. On the other hand, strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of intermediate goods into slobber flat We should promote the elimination of import barriers to intermediate products, promote the import of high quality and high technology intermediate products, promote the construction of human capital, set up an early warning mechanism for intellectual property rights, bring into play the synergy mechanism of intellectual property protection and import of intermediate goods, and enhance the competitiveness of foreign trade.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F752;F273.1

【参考文献】