区域贸易协定中公共利益保护机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 22:23

本文选题：区域贸易协定 + 公共利益　；参考：《广西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：现今的自由贸易区谈判倾向于达成一个综合性的协议,其范围不但覆盖贸易、投资、知识产权保护、竞争和争端解决等十分广泛的领域,还可能会涉及能源合作、环境保护、劳工保护甚至政治对话等问题。而环境保护、劳工保护等非贸易问题则涉及到自由贸易协定中公共利益保护的内容,在区域贸易协定中将贸易与环境、劳工、公共健康等公共利益保护相联系是大势所趋,但是目前与贸易有关的公共利益保护则没有摆正地位,只侧重于经济利益问题。作者在分析区域贸易协定中公共利益保护的必要性之后,对各国的区域贸易协定尤其是中国签订的区域贸易协定总结出了四个机制：公共利益至上机制、公共利益运行机制、例外条款机制以及软硬法机制四个机制。文章大致安排如下：第一章节,作者首先对区域贸易协定中保护公共利益的必要性进行分析,这是为后文做铺垫的章节。本章从四个角度展开论述：第一个角度是从保护公共利益是区域贸易协定的正当性基础分析,因为区域贸易协定的正当性在于反映民意和公共利益保护是区域内人类共同生活的反映；第二个角度是从保护公共利益是区域可持续发展的必然要求分析,认为公共利益是区域可持续发展的伦理基础,又是公共利益是区域可持续发展的价值目标；第三个角度是从保护公共利益是区域公共治理的现实需要,指出保护公共利益是区域公共治理的共同价值目标,公共利益决定了区域公共治理的多层次性；第四个角度是从保护公共利益是区域一体化的发展趋势,区域一体化向公共利益相关产业等领域扩展并且成为区域一体化的发展动力。第二章节,作者开始进入归纳总结区域贸易协定中公共利益保护机制的环节。第一个机制是公共利益至上机制,它以保护公共利益是区域贸易协定的立法宗旨之一、不降低公共利益保护水平原则、区域贸易协定的国家利益原则三个原则为支撑框架。区域贸易协定对公共利益保护的机制是一个健全的法律体系,首先从其立法宗旨开始引入公共利益保护问题,只有目的明确才能理顺法律规范的思路和法律框架。公共利益之上机制并不与贸易自由价值相目标冲突,因为贸易自由化是以国家为实施机构,国家利益与公共利益交织在一起。第三章节,主要论述区域贸易协定保护公共利益的运行机制,它总体上包括公共政策和透明度协调机制、市场运作机制、对国家经济主权的路径依赖和信息保密四个制度。公共利益在区域贸易协定中表现为国家公共政策及其运行的透明要求。而市场运作机制就是要运用市场规律激发私人部门保护公共利益的积极性,积极引导企业在公益性质行业的投资与合作使政府组织协调和市场机制两只手有效结合起来,发挥各自优势来保护公共利益。还包括公共利益保护离不开国家经济主权,对国家主权具有依赖性,国家主权就是区域贸易协定公共利益保护的基石。此外,对公共利益有重大影响的信息必须得到保护否则会侵害成员方社会公共利益。第四章节,介绍区域贸易协定中保护公共利益的例外条款机制。由于全球化的发展,世界各国已经建立了WTO多边贸易体制对国际经济进行规制,而区域贸易协定作为多边体制内的最惠国待遇原则的例外,不能脱离WTO框架。而世界各国的现实操作中出现了WTO和区域贸易协定两套机制,它们例外条款机制相互借鉴共同发展。区域贸易协定的例外条款机制是在WTO例外机制的框架下的区域性运用,它吸收了WTO例外条款机制的优秀因素基础上,又结合本区域的实际情况对其补充和完善。但是,由于区域贸易协定的本身属性的限制,在例外条款在司法实践中却出现了投资者挑战东道国国家主权和仲裁争端解决漠视公共利益的现象,例外条款没有发挥其维护公共利益方面的应有作用。第五章节,提到区域贸易协定中保护公共利益的软法和硬法相结合机制,该机制是区域贸易协定中常用的保护机制。首先,对区域贸易协定中保护公共利益的软法机制采用软法的原因做出解释,并总结软法机制运作的具体内容及其对区域贸易协定的积极作用。当然,区域贸易协定内的硬法机制是不言而喻的,它是通过给国家、企业组织和个人设定权利义务来发挥作用的。现行世界各国区域贸易协定都有采用软硬法相结合的机制不仅仅是针对公共利益而构建和采用该机制。最后,作者认为应该采用软法与硬法的混合适用模式去促进公共利益的保护。总之,在区域贸易协定方兴未艾的情形下,区域贸易协定内构建和完善公共利益保护机制是区域贸易协定发展的要求。
[Abstract]:Trade and environment , labor , public health and other non - trade issues related to the protection of public interests in free trade agreements , but the protection of trade and environment , labor , public health and other non - trade issues in regional trade agreements is the trend of the general trend , but the current protection of trade - related public interests is not in place , focusing on economic interests .

After analyzing the necessity of the protection of public interest in regional trade agreement , the author summarizes the four mechanisms of regional trade agreement , especially the regional trade agreement signed by China : the first mechanism of public interest , the operation mechanism of public interest , the mechanism of exceptional clause and the mechanism of soft and hard law .

In the first chapter , the author analyzes the necessity of protecting the public interest in regional trade agreement , which is the chapter of laying the cushion for the latter . This chapter discusses from four angles : the first angle is the legitimacy base analysis of the regional trade agreement from the protection of public interest , because the legitimacy of regional trade agreement lies in that the protection of public interest and public interest is the reflection of the common life of mankind in the region ;
The second angle is that the public interest is the ethical basis of regional sustainable development , and the public interest is the value goal of regional sustainable development .
The third angle is that the protection of public interests is the real need of regional public governance , and points out that the protection of public interests is the common value goal of regional public governance , and the public interest determines the multi - level of regional public governance ;
The fourth angle is to protect the public interest from the development trend of regional integration , regional integration to the public interest - related industries and other fields , and become the development power of regional integration .

In the second chapter , the author begins to enter into the link of the public interest protection mechanism in the regional trade agreement . The first mechanism is that the public interest is the supreme mechanism , which is one of the legislative purposes of the regional trade agreement . The mechanism of the regional trade agreement to protect the public interest is a supporting frame . The mechanism of the regional trade agreement to protect the public interest is a sound legal system .

The third chapter mainly discusses the operation mechanism of the protection of public interest by regional trade agreement , which generally includes four systems of public policy and transparency coordination mechanism , market operation mechanism , path dependence on national economic sovereignty and information security .

With the development of globalization , the countries of the world have established the WTO multilateral trading system to regulate the international economy , and the regional trade agreement as the most favored treatment principle in the multilateral system can not be separated from the WTO framework .

Chapter V refers to the soft law and hard - law combination mechanism of protecting public interest in regional trade agreement . The mechanism is the common protection mechanism in regional trade agreement . First , it is self - evident that the soft law mechanism of protecting public interest in regional trade agreement plays an active role in regional trade agreement . Of course , the mechanism of hard law in regional trade agreement is self - evident . It is not only constructed and adopted for public interest by the mechanism of soft and hard law . At last , the author thinks that the mixed application mode of soft law and hard law should be adopted to promote the protection of public interest .

In short , the establishment and improvement of public interest protection mechanisms in regional trade agreements is a requirement for the development of regional trade agreements in the context of regional trade agreements .

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D996.1

【参考文献】