论新一代中外自贸协定中的“超WTO”条款及其强制执行力

发布时间：2018-04-27 17:01

本文选题：超WTO + WTO额外　；参考：《上海对外经贸大学学报》2017年06期

【摘要】：作为国际规则制定的重要参与者,近年来中国与其贸易伙伴签订了一些具有"超WTO"(WTO-plus)和"WTO额外"(WTO-extra)条款的FTA,本文把之称为新一代中外FTA。这些"超WTO"和"WTO额外"条款的出现和增多引起了一定的担忧,例如知识产权领域的某些"超WTO"条款可能会对公共健康的保护产生负面影响。在分析这些条款可能带来的不良影响之前,不妨先分析其强制执行力。一个条约条款要具备强制执行力,往往需要通过实体标准测试和程序标准测试,即在实体上要具备有约束力的条约用语以及关于权利和/或义务的清晰明确的规定,在程序上该条款项下产生的争端可以被诉诸争端解决机制。新一代中国FTA中,货物贸易、服务贸易和知识产权领域均有"超WTO"条款。这些条款有的由于不通过实体标准测试而不具强制执行力,有的则因没通过程序标准测试而不具强制执行力。鉴于很多"超WTO"(尤其是敏感领域)的相关条款不能被强制执行,大家无需过于担忧其带来的负面影响。在实施一些较有争议且具有强制执行力的"超WTO"规则时,中国要注意不违反其WTO义务和其他国际义务。
[Abstract]:As an important participant in international rule-making, in recent years, China and its trading partners have signed some terms of "super WTO" and "WTO extra". This article calls it a new generation of foreign and domestic FTAs. The emergence and increase of these "super WTO" and "WTO extra" provisions, such as some "super WTO" provisions in intellectual property rights, may have a negative impact on the protection of public health. Before analyzing the possible adverse effects of these provisions, it may be useful to analyze their enforcement power. In order for a treaty provision to be enforceable, it often requires a substantive standard test and a procedural standard test, that is, a binding treaty language on the entity and clear and clear provisions on rights and / or obligations, Disputes arising under this clause may be subject to dispute settlement mechanisms. In the new generation of FTA, goods trade, trade in services and intellectual property all have "super WTO" clauses. Some of these clauses are not enforceable because they do not pass the substantive standard test, while others are not enforced because they have not passed the procedural standard test. Given that many of the "super WTO" provisions, especially in sensitive areas, cannot be enforced, there is no need to worry too much about the negative impact. In implementing some of the more controversial and enforceable "super WTO" rules, China should be careful not to violate its WTO obligations and other international obligations.
【作者单位】：对外经济贸易大学;
【分类号】：D996.1

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