死者人格标识商业利用之利益保护

发布时间：2018-05-04 11:36

本文选题：死者人格标识 + 财产利益　；参考：《华东政法大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文论证了死者人格标识商业利用中除涉及死者近亲属精神利益外，还存在基于对死者姓名、肖像等人格标识商业利用而产生的财产利益。在此基础上，根据利益两分法进行分析，得出该财产利益应当受到与精神利益同等但有区别的保护的结论，并论及采取何种模式和具体措施来加强对死者人格标识商业利用中财产利益的保护。本文从以下三个部分进行阐释：第一部分从一系列鲁迅姓名、肖像人格标识受到侵害引发争议的案件谈起，说明现实中确实存在大量商业利用死者人格标识的现象，并通过分析我国在该问题上的理论研究、立法及司法现状，透视我国对死者人格标识商业利用中财产利益保护存在的问题。第二部分着力分析死者人格标识商业利用的基础理论问题。通过对人格、人格权、人格利益和人格标识的概念及关系的梳理，得出商业利用的对象是以死者生前的姓名、肖像、声音、隐私等精神要素为内容的人格标识，此类人格标识具有可识别性并能以人本体之外的物化形式表现出来。对其商业利用可以通过转让和继承的方式予以实现。死者人格标识商业利用之利益有其保护的必要性，不仅出于现实的需要，还体现了对死者生前人格的尊重，也是对死者近亲属利益的保护，更是维持良好的社会秩序、促进社会和谐的需要。第三部分分析研究了三种典型的人格标识商业利用的保护模式，其中美国采取隐私权和公开权双重权利保护模式，英国采取知识产权间接保护模式，德国采取统一权利保护模式。通过分析双重权利保护模式和统一权利保护模式对我国的借鉴意义，得出结论，在我国现有的法律传统和体系下，宜借鉴德国式的统一权利保护模式，在人格权统一权利模式下解决人格标识商业利用问题更具合理性和可行性。紧接着，该部分具体分析了在三种保护模式之下，对死者人格标识商业利用保护的范围、请求保护的主体、保护的期限及救济的方式上的具体规制。最后，笔者认为，我国立法应首先承认人格标识商业利用中的财产利益的可继承性，确立对死者人格标识商业利用中利益的保护，其次注重平衡好各方的利益关系，，并为利益的继受者提供充分的救济。
[Abstract]:This paper demonstrates that the commercial use of the decedent's personality logo involves not only the spiritual interests of the near relatives of the deceased, but also the property interests arising from the commercial utilization of the deceased's names and portraits. On this basis, according to the dichotomy of interests, it is concluded that the interests of the property should be protected in the same but differentiated way as the spiritual interests. It also discusses what mode and concrete measures should be taken to strengthen the protection of property interests in the commercial use of the decedent's personality logo. This article is explained in the following three parts: The first part begins with a series of cases in which Lu Xun's name and portrait personality mark have been infringed on, which shows that there is a large number of commercial use of the deceased's personality logo in reality, and through the analysis of our country's theoretical research on this issue, The present situation of legislation and judicature, and the problems existing in the protection of property interests in the commercial utilization of the decedent's personality logo in China. The second part focuses on the analysis of the basic theory of the commercial use of the decedent personality logo. By combing the concept and relationship of personality, personality right, personality interest and personality logo, the author draws a conclusion that the object of commercial use is the personality logo, which takes the name, portrait, voice, privacy and other spiritual elements of the deceased as the content. This kind of personality mark is identifiable and can be expressed in materialized form outside human ontology. Their commercial use can be achieved by transfer and inheritance. The interests of commercial use of the identity of the deceased have their necessity to protect, not only out of the actual needs, but also reflects the respect for the personality of the deceased before death, is also the protection of the interests of the near relatives of the deceased, and it also maintains a good social order. The need to promote social harmony. In the third part, three typical protection models of commercial use of personality logo are analyzed and studied, in which the United States adopts the dual protection mode of right to privacy and public right, and the United Kingdom adopts the mode of indirect protection of intellectual property rights. Germany adopts a unified mode of protection of rights. Based on the analysis of the reference significance of the dual right protection model and the unified right protection mode to our country, it is concluded that under the existing legal tradition and system of our country, we should draw lessons from the German unified right protection mode. It is more reasonable and feasible to solve the problem of commercial use of personality logo under the mode of unified right of personality right. Then, this part concretely analyzes the scope of the protection of the commercial use of the decedent's personality identity, the subject of the request for protection, the duration of protection and the specific regulation of the way of relief under the three protection modes. Finally, the author believes that the legislation of our country should first recognize the inheritance of property interests in the commercial use of personality logo, establish the protection of interests in the commercial use of the personality logo of the deceased, and then pay attention to balancing the interests of all parties. And for the benefit of the successor to provide adequate relief.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923

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