北方粳稻有序排种装置的试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 16:29

本文选题：超级稻 + 农艺要求　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：普通稻机插育秧通常要求每取秧面积为3~7株秧苗,而超级稻则要求2±1株,并且为降低空穴率,秧苗需在秧盘上呈均匀分布状态,这不仅需要有提供给每取秧面积2±1粒种子的精播装置,而且排出的种子在秧盘上应准确定位,这样才能确保秧盘上每取秧面积都有准确数量的种子,满足超高产粳稻盘育秧每取秧面积2±1粒的播种精度要求。本文根据超级稻与普通稻种植农艺要求的差异,结合现有的研究成果,针对我国北方目前超高产粳稻育秧设备存在的一些问题,以及国内外的发展状况,以北方超高产粳稻为研究对象,进行种子定向连续输送、精量分离和定位排种机理及机构创新与关键技术研究,在纸夹定位水稻精密育秧设备研究基础上,研发出具有自主知识产权的北方粳型超高产水稻工厂化育秧和田间集约化育苗的通用轻简育秧播种设备,促进我国北方超高产粳稻育秧技术的发展并完善育秧装备。本文首先针对超级稻芽种千粒重、休止角等物理-力学特性进行分析;对超级稻育秧排种装置的总体结构及其工作原理进行阐述;重点对种子单粒分离机构、多杆机构、组合滑道等关键部件的设计进行理论分析和研究,确定了关键部件的结构尺寸和并对相关参数进行优化;对多杆机构分析得出曲柄长度l1=7.7mm、连杆长度l2=23mm,摇杆长度l3=26mm、固定杆长度l4=37mm、推种杆长度l5=36mm、安装角θ1=64°、拐角θ3=12°时,输出点E的D字形轨迹的形状大小与姿态满足设计要求,且轨迹的水平方向最大位移为S=15.2mm,垂直方向最大位移为H=9mm,同设计要求基本一致。使用Solidworks对超级稻排种装置进行三维模型建立,总体装配;用Adams对建立的三维模型进行仿真分析,对推种点的运动特性进行分析,验证排种装置是否满足设计要求;对试验台托板进行模态分析,规避共振。对推种频率、滑道夹角、推种板的齿距进行单因素试验研究,分析每种因素对排种性能指标的影响;采用Design-Expert8.05软件进行三因素三水平试验分析,并对结果进行回归分析;分析各因素交互作用对排种性能指标的影响,并对所得结果进行参数优化,确定了最佳组合为当推种频率为2r/s、滑道夹角为45°、齿间距为9.6mm时,播种合格率98.3247%,2粒种子数61.4631%。
[Abstract]:In order to reduce the hole rate, the seedlings need to be distributed evenly on the seedling tray in order to reduce the hole rate, which is usually required to be 3 or 7 seedlings per seedling area, but 2 卤1 for super rice. This requires not only a fine seeding device that provides 2 卤1 seeds per seedling area, but also a precise location of the seeds discharged on the seedling tray, so as to ensure that there is an accurate number of seeds per seedling area on the seedling tray. It can meet the requirement of sowing precision of 2 卤1 seeds per seedling area in rice tray for super high yield japonica rice. According to the difference of agronomic requirements between super rice and common rice, combined with the existing research results, this paper aims at some problems existing in the raising equipment of super high yield japonica rice in the north of China, as well as the development situation at home and abroad. In this paper, the mechanism, mechanism innovation and key technology of seed directionally continuous transportation, precision separation, positioning and seeding, and key techniques were studied on the basis of the research on paper clip positioning rice precision seedling raising equipment, taking the super high yield japonica rice in the north as the research object. In order to promote the development of seedling raising technology and improve the raising equipment of rice seedlings in northern China, a general-purpose light and simple planting equipment was developed, which has its own intellectual property right for industrial seedling raising and intensive seedling raising in northern japonica rice with super high yield in the north of China. In this paper, the physical-mechanical properties of super rice bud seed, such as 1000-grain weight, angle of repose, etc., are analyzed firstly; the overall structure and working principle of the super rice seedling raising and seeding device are expounded; the single seed seperation mechanism and the multi-bar mechanism are emphasized. The design of key components such as combined slide track is theoretically analyzed and studied, and the structural dimensions of key components are determined and the relevant parameters are optimized. Through the analysis of the multi-bar mechanism, it is found that when the length of crank is l1n 7.7mm, the length of connecting rod is 12mm, the length of rocker is 23mm, the length of fixed rod is l4n 37mm, the length of propeller rod is l50.36mm, the angle of installation is 64 掳, and the angle is 12 掳, the shape and attitude of D shape locus of output point E meet the design requirements. The maximum displacement in the horizontal direction is 15.2 mm in the horizontal direction and the maximum displacement in the vertical direction is 9 mm in the vertical direction, which is basically consistent with the design requirement. The 3D model of super rice seed metering device was built by Solidworks, and the whole assembly was assembled. The 3D model was simulated and analyzed by Adams, and the movement characteristics of the seed pushing point were analyzed to verify whether the seed metering device could meet the design requirements. The modal analysis is carried out to avoid resonance. Single factor test was carried out to analyze the influence of each factor on seeding performance index, and Design-Expert8.05 software was used to carry out three factors and three levels test analysis, and the results were analyzed by regression analysis. The effect of the interaction of various factors on the seeding performance was analyzed, and the results were optimized. The optimum combination was determined as follows: when the frequency of seeding was 2r / s, the angle of sliding path was 45 掳, and the distance between teeth was 9.6mm, the qualified rate of seeding was 98.324772 seeds and the number of seeds was 61.4631.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S223.2

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