网络环境中“首次销售原则”适用性探究

发布时间：2018-05-10 15:15

本文选题：首次销售原则 + 发行权　；参考：《浙江工商大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“首次销售原则”(the first sale doctrine)起源于美国,具体指的是版权人享有“发行权”,即将作品复制件投向市场的权利,但是被合法制作出来的作品复制件,在经过版权人许可向公众出售之后,或者以其他方式转移所有权后,版权人就无权对之后的处分行为进行干涉。相应地,获得该复制件所有权者则因此获得诸如再次出售、出租等其他方式的处分权,而无需经过版权人同意。其目的是为了限制版权人对经过首次销售之后的作品的版权,保护消费者对其财产的处分权,对于保障版权人和消费者之间的利益平衡,维护正常市场秩序。计算机网络的发展,扩张了版权适用领域。版权人对作品的利用方式随着技术的发展而得到极大的丰富,获得的利益也大大增加,侵害其权利的方式也增多,因此保护版权人在网络环境中的权利十分重要。但是权利的行使是有边界的,一种权利不可能无限的扩张,当它的行使侵犯了他人合法权利甚至公共利益的时候,必须对这种权利进行必要的限制。这是立法的必然规律。各国立法也都在作品通过网络传播过程中对版权人的利益提供保护,却没有对其进行必要限制,当版权人版权与消费者所有权发生冲突时,消费者往往处于不利的地位。本文的目的在于探讨网络环境中是否应当适用“首次销售原则”,实现版权利益平衡以及个人利益和公共利益的合理配置。本文分为以下四个部分：第一部分介绍传统“首次销售原则”的概念,各国以及国际条约对“首次销售原则”的立法情况,阐明首次销售原则在版权人与消费者利益平衡中所起的重要作用。第二部分通过分析发行权的立法目的及其适用范围,理清传统的“首次销售原则”与发行权的关系,旨在说明传统的“首次销售原则”适用于网络环境所面临的困境。第三部分从三个方面论证网络环境中应当适用“首次销售原则”。首先“首次销售原则”的逻辑起点应该是民法基本原则中的“禁止权利滥用原则”,而不是所谓的“发行权”,基于这个结论,即使网络环境中不能适用发行权,也已然具有适用“首次销售原则”的可能性；其次通过揭示数字化作品的物权和知识产权的双重属性,阐明在数字化作品的传播尤其是交易过程中仍然会产生所有权和版权的冲突,为了限制权力滥用的发生,在网络环境中适用“首次销售原则”具有其合理性；最后从网络技术发展的现状出发,指出技术措施往往成为版权人滥用其权利的工具。同时结合美国和欧洲的相关案例,揭示数字化作品二手交易的发展趋势及数字化作品二手市场产权的必然行,从而论证在网络环境中适用“首次销售原则”的现实必要性。第四部分,结合我国立法现状和网络版权特点,为我国网络环境中“首次销售原则”的建立提出建议和参考。
[Abstract]:The "principle of first sales" the first sale doctrine) originated in the United States, specifically referring to the copyright owner's right to "distribute" the right to market copies of a work, but copies of a work that are legally produced. After being sold to the public with the permission of the copyright owner, or otherwise transferring ownership, the copyright owner has no right to interfere with the subsequent disposition. Accordingly, the owner of the copy is granted the right to dispose of the copy by other means, such as resale, lease, etc., without the consent of the copyright owner. Its purpose is to restrict the copyright of the copyright owner to the work after the first sale, to protect the consumer's right to dispose of his property, to protect the balance of interests between the copyright owner and the consumer, and to maintain the normal market order. With the development of computer network, the field of copyright application has been expanded. With the development of technology, copyright owners' use of works has been greatly enriched, the benefits obtained have increased greatly, and the ways of infringing their rights have increased, so it is very important to protect the rights of copyright owners in the network environment. However, the exercise of rights has boundaries, a kind of rights can not be unlimited expansion, when its exercise of other people's legitimate rights or even the public interest, it must be necessary to restrict this right. This is the inevitable law of legislation. The legislation of every country also provides the protection to the copyright owner's interests in the process of transmission through the network, but does not carry on the necessary restriction to it. When the copyright of the copyright owner and the consumer's ownership conflict, the consumer is often in the disadvantageous position. The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the "first sale principle" should be applied in the network environment to realize the balance of copyright interests and the rational allocation of personal and public interests. This paper is divided into the following four parts: The first part introduces the concept of the traditional "principle of first sale", the legislation of "principle of first sale" in various countries and international treaties, and expounds the important role of the principle of first sale in balancing the interests of copyright owners and consumers. The second part, by analyzing the legislative purpose and the scope of application of the right to issue, clarifies the relationship between the traditional "principle of first sale" and the right of circulation, aiming at explaining the dilemma that the traditional "principle of first sale" is applied to the network environment. The third part demonstrates that the first sales principle should be applied in the network environment from three aspects. First of all, the logical starting point of the "first sale principle" should be the "prohibition of abuse of rights" in the basic principles of civil law, rather than the so-called "right of issue", based on this conclusion, even though distribution rights cannot be applied in the network environment. It already has the possibility of applying the "principle of first sale". Secondly, by revealing the dual attributes of real right and intellectual property of digital works, In order to limit the abuse of power, it is reasonable to apply the "first sale principle" in the network environment. Finally, starting from the current situation of network technology development, it points out that technical measures are often used as tools for copyright owners to abuse their rights. At the same time, combined with the relevant cases in the United States and Europe, this paper reveals the development trend of the second-hand trading of digital works and the necessity of the property rights of the second-hand market of the digitized works, thus demonstrating the practical necessity of applying the "first sale principle" in the network environment. The fourth part, combined with the current situation of our country's legislation and the characteristics of network copyright, puts forward suggestions and references for the establishment of the "first sales principle" in our country's network environment.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.41

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