我国植物新品种权的法律保护制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 17:26

本文选题：植物新品种 + 品种权　；参考：《贵州民族学院》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：民以食为天,食以种为先。未来,有两个技术会制约我们,一是网络技术,一是生物技术。2010年,中央“一号文件”中明确提到要“抓紧培育有核心竞争力的大型种子企业”,引起了业内的强烈关注。在农业企业领域,知识产权竞争激烈。谁掌握了农业知识产权,谁就掌握了主动权,谁掌握的农业知识产权多,谁的主动性就大。怎样才能提升我国现代种业的竞争能力?包括我国著名农业生物技术专家范云六院士、著名蔬菜育种专家方智远院士、著名玉米育种专家戴景瑞院士在内的多位业内权威人士都不约而同地强调,要大力发展生物技术,增强种业科技创新能力。植物新品种保护又称植物育种者权利保护,是对植物新品种的知识产权保护形式,它与专利权、著作权、商标专用权一样,同属于知识产权范畴。近年来,随着科技体制改革的深化,农业科技也得到了较大的发展,但由于我国农业科技市场体系建设滞缓尚处于起步发展阶段,理论界对有关植物新品种权界定、植物新品种权交易运作方式、植物新品种权估价、植物新品种权实施应用等问题尚未形成统一认识;实践中植物新品种权界定模糊、产权流失、产权交易流转不畅、产权实施率低、技术侵权等现象时有发生,植物新品种权交易运作及其保护与管理等方面都存在着许多不完善、不规范的地方,潜伏着许多制约植物新品种权有效运作的矛盾与问题,本文从基本理论入手,通过对植物新品种权基本概念的界定,运用法经济学方法进行分析,观察借鉴国外对植物新品种权的保护,分析我国植物新品种权保护的状况,从而对我国植物新品种的保护提出制度上的完善。本文主要分为四个部分。第一部分主要讨论了植物新品种权的客体及权利属性,以及独立的知识产权制度保护的正当性。对植物新品种进行了界定,通过与其他知识产品的比较认识植物新品种的特征,阐述植物新品种权的概念与特征。同时运用法经济学的分析方法,以法经济学的产权经济学理论、交易成本理论、博弈论为理论分析工具,分析为什么对植物新品种进行知识产权保护,探索在制度的设计上应遵循的方法。第二部分主要通过介绍美国、欧洲、日本等国家对植物新品种保护的制度方法,加以分析评论,从而探索国际植物新品种保护的发展趋势以及我国在国际大背景下所面临的挑战。第三部分主要介绍我国植物新品种保护的现状以及保护机构;介绍了我国植物新品种保护体系目前存在的问题,并分析了其产生的原因。第四部分主要根据我国目前植物新品种保护存在的问题及原因提出了完善的建议。首先提出我国植物新品种保护制度创新要坚持公共利益原则和利益平衡原则;其次,提出完善植物新品种权保护的法律体系,相关的配套程序,对植物新品种权进行合理的限制,加强国际合作四个方面具体建议。探索建立与我国发展阶段相适应的新品种保护体系,使之成为激励创新、优化资源配置、调节利益格局、维护市场竞争秩序的重要机制。
[Abstract]:In the future , there are two technologies to restrict us , one is network technology , and one is biotechnology . In 2010 , the central " No.1 document " clearly mentions that " grasping the large seed enterprises with the core competitiveness " has aroused strong concern in the industry . In the field of agricultural enterprises , there are fierce competition in intellectual property rights . How can we improve the competitiveness of modern industry in our country ?

In recent years , with the deepening of the reform of science and technology system , agricultural science and technology has been developing greatly .

This paper is divided into four parts .

The first part mainly discusses the object and the right attribute of the new plant species rights and the legitimacy of the independent intellectual property system protection . The new varieties of plants are defined , and the concept and characteristics of the new varieties of plants are expounded through comparison with other knowledge products . At the same time , the analysis methods of law economics , property rights economics theory of law economics , game theory and game theory are used as the theoretical analysis tools to analyze why the protection of the intellectual property rights of the new species of plants is carried out , and the methods which should be followed in the design of the system are explored .

The second part mainly introduces the system method of the protection of new varieties of plants in the USA , Europe , Japan and other countries , so as to explore the developing trend of new species protection of international plants and the challenges faced by our country in the international background .

In the third part , the present situation and protection mechanism of new plant variety protection in China are introduced . The existing problems in the protection system of new plant varieties in China are introduced , and the reasons for its production are analyzed .

In the fourth part , some suggestions are put forward based on the existing problems and reasons of the protection of new plant varieties in our country . First , it puts forward that the innovation of the protection system of the new plant varieties should adhere to the principle of public interest and the principle of balance of interest . Secondly , it puts forward the legal system of the protection of new varieties of plants , the relevant supporting procedures , the reasonable limitation of the rights of new varieties of plants and the strengthening of the four aspects of international cooperation . It is an important mechanism to explore the establishment of new variety protection system adapted to our country ' s development stage , to make it an important mechanism to encourage innovation , optimize resource allocation , adjust interest pattern and maintain order of market competition .

【学位授予单位】：贵州民族学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.4

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