中药企业专利保护与品种保护研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 13:33

本文选题：中药 + 中药企业　；参考：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着现代科技的发展，从化学药物中筛选新药的周期越来越长，开发难度越来越大，越来越多的人将目光转向了中药这种天然药物。20世纪90年代后，每年国际天然药物的销售量以百分之十的速度快速增长，每年约有70%以上的人接受中药治疗或保健。中药是我们国家的瑰宝，是中华民族几千年聪明才智的结晶，也是中国传统和世界文明的重要组成部分。中国是中药的发源地，从神农尝百草到秦汉五十二病房，再到明代载放有六万多种的《普济方》，我们拥有12000多种资源和4000多种中药制剂。在这种国际形势以及良好的优势背景下，我国的中药产业本应成为朝阳产业，必然应该促进一大批中药企业的发展，然而事实却并非如此。虽然在中药理论和人才上，我们具有很大优势，但是在知识产权的运用、管理以及保护的意识和能力上，与发达国家存在很大差距。国外众多企业不仅在中药的研究领域是独树一帜，而且滥用知识产权，积极进行中药领域专利的布局，我国在中药优势领域已经并且仍在为此付出惨重的代价。为了应对这种局面，我国在法律制度的制定方面也在不断的努力，自1992年，专利法修改之后，中国就真正存在了针对中药的两种保护并行的局面，即中药知识产权一般保护和中药特殊保护。其中一般保护中的专利保护和中药特殊保护中的中药品种保护制度是我国中药知识产权保护领域最重要也是企业采用最为普遍的两种制度，本文主要从这两种制度出发，通过对现代中药企业和传统中药企业专利申请状况以及中药品种保护状况的调查，找出这两种制度自身存在的以及企业在运用两种制度时存在问题，，并提出解决问题的建议和对策。本文第一部分主要包括对文章中中药含义的界定以及我国的现有的中药知识产权保护模式的概述两个部分。首先是对本文的研究对象中药含义的界定。中药这个概念本身外延很大，对其进行限定，确定所探讨的对象最基本的含义，为下面各种问题的探讨铺下基石。第二是对我国现有的中药知识产权保护模式的概述，同时确定本文的研究重点，只包括中药专利保护制度和中药品种保护制度。本文第二部分就是对中药企业专利保护和中药品种保护的现状调查，通过2010年中药行业峰会评选出的权威结果，选择传统中药企业10强和现代中药企业10强，对其专利申请量、中药品种保护量进行统计，得出结论，两种制度都存在很多的问题，但也都有着自身的优势，对中药企业的发展必不可少，二者都应该进行修改，从而协调发展。本文第三部分是对两种制度所存在问题的深入探讨。对于中药专利保护制度，从制度层面和企业层面对进行分析，一方面专利保护制度与中药的种种不契合；另一方面则是企业自身，在专利保护意识已经专利规则运用上都存在很多的问题。对于中药品种保护制度，其问题则主要出现在制度自身的缺陷上，本文对此也进行了细致入微的分析，并对该制度的存废问题进行了探讨。本文最后部分就是对这两种制度提出了一些对此和建议。主要是针对第二、第三部分所出现的问题，进行针对性的建议。第一，对于中药专利保护制度，分为对国家层面和企业层面的建议。国家层面主要包括以下几点：建立我们自己的中药专利审查标准；加快中药标准化与中药专利保护协同发展；建立专门机构，提高中药专利保护力度。企业层面主要包括：增强专利保护意识，提高专利管理方面的资金投入；加大研发过程中对专利的保护力度；加强对专利规则的运用。第二，对于中药品种保护制度，则主要是对制度本身的修改。主要包括：根据中药的特殊性明确鼓励创新的保护思路；扩大权利保护主体，明确权利人和权利范围；明确中药品种保护的范围，建立科学的评价标准；申请和审批程序公开，增加透明度；解决中药品种保护与专利保护之间的冲突。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern science and technology, the cycle of screening new drugs from chemical drugs is growing longer and more difficult. More and more people turn their eyes to the natural medicine of traditional Chinese medicine (.20) in 90s. The annual sales volume of international drugs is growing at a speed of ten percent, and more than 70% people accept it every year. Medicine treatment or health care. Chinese medicine is the gem of our country. It is the crystallization of the wisdom and wisdom of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. It is also an important part of Chinese tradition and world civilization. China is the birthplace of traditional Chinese medicine. From Shennong tasting hundred grass to Qin Han fifty-two wards, and then to the Ming Dynasty, there are more than sixty thousand "Pu Ji Fang". We have more than 12000 resources. And more than 4000 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Under this international situation and a good background, Chinese traditional medicine industry should be a sunrise industry. It must promote the development of a large number of Chinese traditional medicine enterprises. However, the fact is not so. Although we have great advantages in the theory and talents of Chinese medicine, the use of intellectual property rights and management are managed. As well as the consciousness and ability of protection, there is a big gap with the developed countries. Many foreign enterprises are not only unique in the research field of Chinese medicine, but also abuse intellectual property rights and actively carry out the distribution of patent in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.
In order to cope with this situation, China has made continuous efforts in the formulation of the legal system. Since the revision of the patent law in 1992, China has actually existed two kinds of protection parallel to the traditional Chinese medicine, that is, the general protection of intellectual property rights and the special protection of traditional Chinese Medicine. The protection system of Chinese medicine varieties is the most important and most common two system in the field of intellectual property protection in Chinese medicine. This paper, starting from these two systems, finds out the existence of these two systems through the investigation of the patent application status of modern Chinese medicine enterprises and traditional Chinese medicine enterprises and the status of the protection of traditional Chinese medicine. And the problems existing in the application of the two systems, and put forward suggestions and Countermeasures to solve the problems.
The first part of this article mainly includes two parts: the definition of the meaning of Chinese medicine and the overview of the existing mode of intellectual property protection in China. First, it defines the meaning of the Chinese medicine. The concept of traditional Chinese medicine is a very large extension, defines it, and determines the basic meaning of the object discussed. The discussion of various problems is the cornerstone. Second is an overview of the existing Chinese traditional Chinese medicine intellectual property protection model, and to determine the focus of this study, including only the patent protection system of traditional Chinese medicine and the protection system of Chinese medicine varieties.
The second part of this article is the investigation of the patent protection of Chinese traditional medicine enterprises and the protection of Chinese medicine varieties. Through the authoritative results selected by the Chinese traditional medicine summit in 2010, we choose the 10 strong traditional Chinese medicine enterprises and the 10 strong modern Chinese medicine enterprises, and make a statistical analysis on the amount of patent application and the protection of Chinese traditional medicine. The conclusion is that there are a lot of two kinds of systems. Problems, but they all have their own advantages, which are essential for the development of Chinese medicine enterprises. The two should be modified so as to coordinate development.
The third part of this article is the in-depth discussion of the problems of the two systems. For the patent protection system of Chinese medicine, from the institutional level and the enterprise level, on the one hand, the patent protection system is not compatible with the traditional Chinese medicine; on the other hand, the enterprise itself has a lot of patent protection awareness. Problem. For the system of traditional Chinese medicine variety protection, its problems are mainly on the defects of the system itself. This article has also carried out a detailed analysis of this system, and discussed the existing and abolishing of the system.
The last part of this paper is to put forward some suggestions and suggestions on the two systems. It is mainly aimed at the second, the third part of the problems. First, the patent protection system of Chinese medicine is divided into the national level and the enterprise level. The national level mainly includes the following points: to establish our own The standard of patent patent examination; to speed up the cooperative development of traditional Chinese medicine standardization and patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine; to establish special institutions to improve the protection of patent patent of traditional Chinese medicine. The enterprise level mainly includes: strengthening the consciousness of patent protection, raising capital investment in patent management, strengthening the protection of patent in the process of research and development, and strengthening the patent rules Second, for the system of traditional Chinese medicine variety protection, it is mainly to amend the system itself. It mainly includes: clearly encouraging the idea of protection according to the particularity of traditional Chinese medicine; expanding the protection subject of right, clear right person and scope of rights; clear the scope of protection of Chinese medicine varieties, establish scientific evaluation standard; application and examination and approval process Order is open, increase transparency, solve the conflict between protection of traditional Chinese medicine varieties and patent protection.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.42

【参考文献】