高精度电动执行机构的设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 16:59

本文选题：高精度 + 电动执行机构　；参考：《陕西科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：电动执行机构是工业自动化过程控制中重要的执行单元，，主要应用于工业中流体的流量控制。随着过程工业对产品质量要求的提高，对执行机构的执行精度要求也越来越高，市场需求量也越来越大。为了满足工业生产的需要，同时也为了打破国外在这方面的垄断地位，研制拥有自主知识产权的高精度电动执行机构势在必行。为了加快响应速度、提高控制精度，本文通过研究电动执行机构动态特性及控制策略，设计一种高精度电动执行机构。通过对电动执行机构进行数学建模分析，并利用MATLAB进行仿真，来对所建数学模型进行动态特性和控制性能的分析研究，最后对所建数学模型进行验证并对电动执行机构进行调试。本文的主要工作如下：（1）高精度电动执行机构的设计及主要零部件的选型。通过学习国外和国内电动执行机构产品，在其基础上根据电动执行机构工作原理设计一种电动执行机构。根据具体工况要求，对执行电机等主要仪器部件进行选型及驱动系统设计。该电动执行机构设计有手动机构，能够在电源故障时进行手动调节。此外该执行机构还设计有角行程限位开关以及故障报警等安全保护机构，以确保生产安全稳定的运行。（2）高精度电动执行机构控制器的设计。根据高精度电动执行机构的功能要求，以单片机为核心对控制器进行设计，功能包括液晶显示、数据采集、危险报警等。控制器分为硬件设计和软件编程。硬件设计包括对控制器各部分电路图的设计，这些电路图均在Altium Designer软件中完成绘制，软件部分实现是指对主程序及子程序的编程。（3）高精度电动执行机构数学模型的建立和性能分析。根据电动执行机构的工作原理，建立电动执行机构的动态数学模型，包括电机模型、传动机构模型，通过分析各个模型的关系，推导出系统的传递函数。利用MATLAB仿真绘制Bode图来分析系统的稳定性。（4）电动执行机构机械间隙误差补偿的研究。针对机械间隙误差产生的原因，设计了一种反向机械间隙软件补偿算法。机械间隙软件补偿的实现，提高了电动执行机构的执行精度。（5）高精度电动执行机构的调试。通过选择调试所需要的设备，对电动执行机构的各个方面进行调试，包括零点调试、行程调试及开度检测精度的调整等。通过对电动执行机构的测试来得到数据，通过分析电动执行机构的稳定性，抗干扰性及快速响应性能，验证所建立的数学模型。经过调试找出电动执行机构存在的问题，提出可行的解决方案。
[Abstract]:Electric actuator is an important execution unit in industrial automation process control, which is mainly used in the flow control of industrial fluid. With the improvement of product quality requirements in the process industry, the executive precision of the executing agencies is becoming more and more high, and the market demand is also increasing. In order to meet the needs of industrial production and to break the monopoly status of foreign countries, it is imperative to develop high-precision electric executive agencies with independent intellectual property rights. In order to speed up the response speed and improve the control accuracy, this paper designs a kind of high precision electric actuator by studying the dynamic characteristics and control strategy of the electric actuator. Through the mathematical modeling and analysis of the electric actuator and the simulation by MATLAB, the dynamic characteristics and control performance of the mathematical model are analyzed and studied. Finally, the mathematical model is verified and the electric actuator is debugged. The main work of this paper is as follows: Design of high-precision electric actuator and selection of main parts. Based on the study of foreign and domestic electric actuator products, an electric actuator is designed according to the working principle of electric actuator. According to the specific working conditions, the main instrument parts such as executive motor are selected and the drive system is designed. The electric actuator is designed with a manual mechanism that can be manually adjusted in the event of power failure. In addition, the actuator also designed corner stroke limit switch and fault alarm to ensure the safe and stable operation of production. Design of high-precision electric actuator controller. According to the functional requirements of high precision electric actuator, the controller is designed with single chip microcomputer as the core. The functions include LCD display, data acquisition, danger alarm and so on. Controller is divided into hardware design and software programming. The hardware design includes the design of the circuit diagram of each part of the controller. These circuit diagrams are all drawn in the Altium Designer software. The realization of the software part refers to the programming of the main program and the subroutine. 3) Establishment of mathematical model and performance analysis of high precision electric actuator. According to the working principle of the electric actuator, the dynamic mathematical model of the electric actuator is established, including the motor model and the transmission mechanism model. The transfer function of the system is derived by analyzing the relationship between each model. The stability of the system is analyzed by using MATLAB simulation to draw Bode diagram. Research on the compensation of Mechanical clearance error of Electric Actuator. Aiming at the cause of mechanical clearance error, a software compensation algorithm of reverse mechanical clearance is designed. The realization of the mechanical gap software compensation improves the precision of the electric actuator. High-precision electric actuator debugging. By selecting the equipment needed for debugging, the various aspects of the electric actuator are debugged, including zero debugging, stroke debugging and adjusting the accuracy of opening detection and so on. The data are obtained by testing the electric actuator, and the mathematical model is verified by analyzing the stability, anti-interference and fast response performance of the electric actuator. After debugging to find out the problems existing in the electric actuator, put forward feasible solutions.
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP215

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