文字商标权与商号权之冲突的化解

发布时间：2018-05-18 11:06

本文选题：识别功能 + 过错责任　；参考：《四川省社会科学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在知识经济时代，伴随市场经济的发展，知识产权越来越受到到市场主体的重视，可以说知识产权已经成为市场主体在市场竞争中取胜的核心因素。由于法律的滞后性，在知识产权领域表现出纠纷难以化解的局面。在市场竞争中如何化解纷繁复杂的纠纷,关系市场公平合理和有序发展。文字商标权和商号权作为市场主体在市场竞争中所使用的两项重要权利，越来越受到市场主体的重视。在市场主体对两项权利重视程度不断提高的同时，两项权利之间的法律冲突问题也日益突出。究其原因，主要在于管理制度的固有缺陷；二者承载商誉功能的重合；经济发展的一体化；汉字的有限性和词组的近似性的问题,导致两项权利的法律冲突问题的凸显。通过对两项权利冲突产生原因的分析可以看出，两项权利冲突问题难以避免且普遍存在，可以说两项权利之间的冲突已经阻碍了市场的有序发展。文章通过对两项权利冲突的分析，将两项权利之间的冲突大致归为：恶意造成的二者冲突；非恶意造成的二者冲突；未注册文字商标权与商号权的冲突三大类。之所以提出上述分类，是因为上述三类冲突有着各自的特点，便于针对不同类型的冲突采取不同的解决方式。两项权利冲突问题的复杂性决定了二者冲突的解决不可能采用单一的解决方式，应该采取多元而且有主次之分的解决方式。以侵权责任构成为主，辅之以合理使用制度、不当得利制度以及反不正当竞争制度去化解二者之间的冲突，规范市场竞争行为。恶意造成的二者之间的冲突一般来说，，应该从侵权责任构成和反不正当竞争的角度进行规制，对非恶意造成的二者冲突和未注册文字商标权与商号权的冲突，更多的是运用合理使用制度和不当得利制度进行化解。在侵权责任构成中应该采过错责任作为归责原则，因果关系上采相当因果关系中的折衷说较为可取，责任承担中加大侵权者的违法成本。重视合理使用制度和不当得利制度对两项权利在行使过程中，指导和调解作用的发挥，充分发挥反不正当竞争制度对两项权利冲突协调的作用。文章首先对两项权利的异同点做了比较，接着分析了两项权利之间冲突产生的原因，将两项权利之间的冲突划分为三大类以及对两项权利之间冲突的解决方案进一步做了探讨，基于上述内容的研究为两项权利之间冲突的化解提出了一些建议。通过法律的形式明确商誉保护的规定；严格规范企业名称权使用制度；强化在商品或服务中商标的识别功能；明确两项权利冲突情境下的不正当竞争行为，达到为两项冲突的解决提供更加明确法律依据的目的。两项权利冲突的产生不是一朝一夕的结果，因此两项权利冲突的化解也需要一个不断完善的过程。冲突的化解应该以实现运用两项权利有序竞争为目标，从这一目标出发去研究两项权利之间的法律冲突问题，是文中始终坚持的理念。
[Abstract]:In the era of knowledge economy, with the development of market economy, intellectual property has been paid more and more attention to the main body of the market. It can be said that intellectual property has become the core factor for the market main body to win in the market competition. Because of the lag of law, it shows the difficult situation in the field of intellectual property rights. As the two important rights used by the market subject in the market competition, the right of word trademark and business name has been paid more and more attention by the main body of the market. At the same time, the legal conflict between the two rights of the two rights is at the same time as the market main body attaches great importance to the two rights. The main reason is that the inherent defects of the management system are mainly due to the inherent defects of the management system; the two parties carry the function of goodwill, the integration of the economic development, the limited character of Chinese characters and the approximation of the phrases, which lead to the prominence of the conflict of law of the two rights. Through the analysis of the causes of the conflicts between the two rights and interests, two items can be seen. The conflict of rights is difficult to avoid and widespread. It can be said that the conflict between the two rights has hindered the orderly development of the market. Through the analysis of the conflict of the two rights, the conflict between the two rights is roughly classified as the two conflicts caused by maliciously; the non malicious two party conflicts; the unregistered trademark rights and the unregistered trademark rights There are three categories of conflicts in the right of business names. The reason why the above classification is made is because the above three types of conflicts have their own characteristics and are easy to take different solutions to different types of conflicts. The complexity of the two conflicts of rights determines that the solution of the two party conflicts is impossible to adopt a single one solution, and should take multiple and main ways. The solution of the sub division is based on the tort liability, supplemented by the rational use system, the unjust enrichment system and the anti unfair competition system to resolve the conflict between the two parties and standardize the market competition behavior. In general, the conflict between the two parties, which is caused by maliciously, should be carried out from the angle of the constitution of the rights invading and the anti unfair competition. The regulation, the conflict between the two party conflicts and the unregistered characters and the right of the trade name, is more to use the rational use system and the unjust enrichment system. In the constitution of the tort liability, the fault liability should be taken as the liability principle, and the compromise in the causality of the causality is preferable. We should pay more attention to the illegal costs of the infringers. Pay attention to the role of the two rights in the exercise of the rational use system and the unjust enrichment system, and give full play to the role of the anti unfair competition system on the coordination of the two rights conflicts. The article first compares the differences between the two rights, and then analyzes the two rights. The causes of the conflict between the two rights are divided into three categories and the solutions to the conflicts between the two rights are further discussed. The research based on the above content puts forward some suggestions for the resolution of the conflict between the two rights. The use of the name right system; strengthen the recognition function of the trademark in the commodity or service; clear the unfair competition in the situation of the conflict of the two rights to provide more clear legal basis for the settlement of the two conflicts. The emergence of the conflict of the two rights is not the result of one day and one day, so the resolution of the conflict of the two rights also needs to be resolved The resolution of the conflict should be aimed at the realization of the orderly competition of the two rights. From this goal, the study of the conflict of laws between the two rights is the idea that the article has always adhered to.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.43

【参考文献】