离婚夫妻财产的认定及分割问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 11:21

本文选题：夫妻共同财产 + 认定　；参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：虽然我国婚姻法及其相关司法解释对婚姻共同财产的认定及分割问题都已进行了较全面的规定,但经济的发展与法律的滞后性一直存在不可调和的矛盾,特别是随着我国经济发展日新月异,人们生活水平不断提高,无论数量还是种类上都日益丰富的财产种类造成司法实践中夫妻共同财产的认定与分割遇到了很多新的问题。其中,仅就房产的处理方面就足以让司法实践者和法学理论者绞尽脑汁。限于篇幅及笔者能力所限,关于房产处理的问题本文仅仅选取购房出资人与产权登记人不一致的几种房产认定问题进行分析探讨。此外,关于夫妻关系存续期间夫妻分居期间各方所得财产的认定问题也是争议不断。而随着妇女地位的提高,人们对权利的保护要求更高更全面,使得家务劳动价值的讨论也变得愈发激烈。与家务劳动价值相对应,人力资本和知识产权收益的归属及分配问题、各种利益如何在夫妻双方之间平衡等问题应运而生。另外,随着婚姻法司法解释(三)的出台,人们对其中关于个人财产婚后所得孳息的规定也褒贬不一。上述种种问题不仅是离婚案件当事人之间争议之尖锐问题,也是司法实践中难啃之骨,正因为如此,激发了笔者对这些问题探讨的初衷与热情。而研究这些问题,对现行婚姻法律及司法解释存在的立法缺陷进行分析,进而提出相应的完善建议,以期为司法实践在处理相关问题时有所助益正是本文的意义所在。本文以实际案例中存在的争议问题为出发点,采取分析、比较、归纳的研究方法,最终对本文所探讨的问题形成针对性的解决办法。即关于房产权属争议问题,通过完善房产产权登记工作及以婚姻法为特别法优先于物权法适用的立法完善加以解决;关于分居期间的财产归属问题,笔者研究认为应归个人所有为宜,并提出借鉴国外成功作法,在我国构建符合我国国情的分居制度以及在分居制度里设计非常财产制作为制度保障;关于家务劳动价值的认定问题,笔者认为其与人力资本、知识产权等的利益平衡问题就像硬币的正反面,解决的问题其实就是如何平衡利益的问题,具体可通过扩大家务劳动价值的补偿请求适用范围、制定家务劳动价值评估体系及建立离婚抚养金制度来实现;关于个人财产婚后孳息的归属问题,笔者通过研究后得出结论认为应以孳息的取得是否有“夫妻协力”贡献作为认定标准,如孳息的获得凝聚了对方的付出,则应认定为夫妻共同财产范围,反之,则认定为个人财产;关于夫妻共同财产的分割问题,则建议法院在判决分割夫妻财产时考虑与婚姻相关的,如婚姻关系的持续时间、夫妻双方的经济条件及谋生能力、夫妻双方对家庭的付出情况以及未成年子女的健康成长等因素,力求达到实质层面的公平分割。本论文除引言外通过以下共五部分进行研究。第一部分是对司法实践中有关案例进行介绍以引出所要讨论的问题。第二部分我国现行的离婚夫妻财产认定与分割制度概述,简介我国现行法律中关于夫妻共同财产范围的界定、夫妻共同财产分割的原则和分割方法。第三部分是通过对法国、德国及美国涵盖大陆及英美法系国家对夫妻共同财产的认定及分割方面的研究,从中发掘出对我国有借鉴意义的内容和做法,为完善我国相关立法提供参考。第四部分分析我国现行法律及司法解释在离婚夫妻共同财产认定与分割方面规定存在的缺陷。重点阐述现行制度中某些有争议的规定,包括特殊状态存在的商品房归属问题、分居期间财产的归属问题,家务劳动的补偿、人力资本及知识产权的期待利益的认定及分割问题。第五部分是完善我国离婚夫妻财产认定与分割制度的立法建议,包括提出物权法与婚姻法律在房产归属认定冲突之解决办法、构建符合我国国情的分居制度、构建平衡家务劳动价值与人力资本的价值体系、明确婚前财产在婚后产生的孳息的归属及在分割夫妻共同财产时考虑相关婚姻因素等建议。
[Abstract]:Although China's marriage law and its relevant judicial interpretations have made a more comprehensive regulation on the identification and segmentation of the common property of marriage, there has been an irreconcilable contradiction between the economic development and the lag of the law. In particular, with the rapid development of China's economy, people's living standards are constantly improving, regardless of the number or type. There are a lot of new problems in the identification and segmentation of the common property of husband and wife in judicial practice. Among them, only the treatment of property is enough to make judicial practitioners and jurisprudential theorists racked. Limited to space and author's ability, the problem of house property treatment is only chosen to buy a house. In addition, the problem of the identification of the property rights and property of the parties during the relationship between husband and wife is also disputed. With the improvement of the status of women, the protection of the rights is higher and more comprehensive, and the discussion of the value of housework is also discussed. It is becoming more and more intense. Relative to the value of housework, the issue of the ownership and distribution of human capital and intellectual property income, and how to balance the interests between the two and the couple. In addition, with the introduction of the judicial interpretation of the marriage law (three), the provisions on the income of personal property after marriage are also mixed. The above problems are not only a sharp issue between the disputes between the parties to the divorce case, but also the hard bone in the judicial practice. It is precisely because of this that the author's original intention and enthusiasm for the discussion of these problems have been stimulated. It is the significance of this paper to help the judicial practice in dealing with the related problems. This article takes the controversial issues in the actual cases as the starting point, and takes the analysis, comparison and induction research methods, and finally forms a specific solution to the problems discussed in this article. That is, the issue of the property ownership dispute, through To improve the registration of property rights and to improve the legislation of the special law as the priority of the special law on the application of the property law. On the issue of property ownership in the separation period, the author thinks that it is appropriate to belong to the individual, and proposes to draw on the successful practice of foreign countries and establish a separation system in our country and the system of separation in our country. The design of the property is made as a system guarantee. On the issue of the value of housework, the author thinks that the balance of interests with human capital and intellectual property is like the positive and negative side of the coin. In fact, the problem is how to balance the interests, and the application scope of the compensation request for the value of housework can be expanded. The system of assessing the value of housework and the establishment of the system of divorce and upbringing are realized. On the issue of the attribution of the marriage fruits of individual property, the author draws the conclusion that the contribution of "husband and wife cooperation" should be regarded as the criterion of whether the contribution of the fruits should be obtained. With the same property scope and conversely, it is identified as personal property; with regard to the division of conjugal property, it is suggested that the court consider marriage related to the division of marital property, such as the duration of marriage, the economic conditions and livelihood of the husband and wife, the payment of the husband and wife to the family and the health of the minor children. In this paper, the first part is to introduce the relevant cases in the judicial practice to lead to the issues to be discussed in this paper. The first part is to introduce the issues to be discussed in the judicial practice. The second part of our current divorced husband and wife property identification and segmentation system overview, brief introduction of the current laws of China. The definition of the scope of the common property of the husband and wife, the principle and method of dividing the common property of the husband and wife. The third part is to find out the contents and methods of reference to our country through the study of the cognizance and division of the common property of husband and wife in France, Germany and the United States of America and the common law countries. The relevant legislation provides reference. The fourth part analyzes the existing defects in the existing legal and judicial interpretation in the identification and division of the common property of divorced couples. It focuses on some controversial provisions in the current system, including the ownership of the commercial housing in the special state, the ownership of the property during the separation, and the supplement of the housework. The fifth part is the legislative proposal to perfect the system of the property identification and division of divorced husband and wife in our country, including the solution of the conflict between the property law and the marriage law in the identification of the property ownership, the construction of the separation system which conforms to the national conditions of our country, and the construction of a balanced household labor price. Values and the value system of human capital, the ascription of the fruits of premarital property in marriage and the consideration of the related marital factors in the division of the common property of the husband and wife.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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