甘蔗种业发展现状与对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 21:48

本文选题：甘蔗 + 种业　；参考：《福建农林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国为世界第三大产糖国和食糖消费国。近年来,甘蔗糖产量占到了食糖的90%以上。甘蔗糖产量与甘蔗品种息息相关,因此甘蔗种业发展对我国糖业的发展至关重要。基于此,本文根据世界种子产业的发展动态、基本特点及未来发展趋势,具体研究我国甘蔗种业的发展历程和现状、发展趋势、发展中存在的问题及前景展望,并通过实地调研开展对甘蔗种业龙头企业发展战略的研究。通过实地走访调研,与相关人员对话座谈,收集资料,并进行总结,了解了我国甘蔗良种扶持的相关情况,同时对行将出台的甘蔗良种补贴政策相关方面的反应进行调研。研究发现,我国甘蔗品种退化严重,新品种推广应用缓慢。究其原因,一是甘蔗良种价格高出普通大田用种,农民对甘蔗新品种的采用积极性不高；二是农民对良种在增产、增糖方面的作用缺乏了解；三是甘蔗新品种选育研发成本高、周期长、风险大,缺乏研发动力。我国甘蔗种质资源保存良好,但甘蔗品种在改良和更新方面与先进产蔗国家相比仍存在差距。甘蔗脱毒种苗仍处于推广阶段,温水脱毒和组培脱毒技术在不同地区具有不同的适应性。目前,甘蔗单产低、品种退化、宿根年限短、产量下降快,已成为制约蔗糖产业持续稳定发展和蔗糖优势产业发挥的重大问题。在甘蔗种苗经营方面,已形成甘蔗品种选育以科研机构为主,种苗生产经营以种苗公司为主的格局,但存在甘蔗种苗假、乱、杂的现象。本文同时调研了国内外甘蔗品种权的保护情况,以及我国在甘蔗品种权申请和维护的现状和未来的发展前景。本文针对甘蔗用种量大,提出提高良种补贴标准,多方筹措资金促进良种推广的建议；分析了各种良种补贴发放方式的利弊;提出为加快良种的推广和科技进步,可以通过设置品种和企业准入门槛,各方决定补贴品种,招标良种繁育企业,把良种补贴款给良繁企业,企业与育种单位商定品种使用费,而企业按投标优惠价格向蔗农提供优质种苗；在甘蔗种苗经营市场方面,提出加强监督和检测品种质量,规范良种市场,确保农户得到实际利益等良种补贴建议。通过对甘蔗龙头企业——广西格霖农业科技发展有限公司的内部环境优势、内部环境劣势、外部环境机会和外部环境威胁进行了分析,发现格霖公司具有较强的内部优势和良好的外部机会,宜采用增长型战略和多元化战略相结合的战略以提高公司在市场中的竞争力,同时附加扭转型战略和防卫型战略,来增强目前公司在市场竞争中能力。最后基于以上研究提出我国甘蔗种业仍存在种质资源、科研育种、科研投入、种苗质量监管、人才方面的问题,为了促进我国甘蔗种业的可持续发展,提出加强甘蔗新品种选育和推广应用；支持建立良种繁育基地,培育壮大合格诚信的良繁企业;争取良种补贴,用好良种补贴,促进种业发展;进行脱毒种苗繁育与推广；支持培育出真正具有育繁推一体化功能的甘蔗种业公司；加强种苗经营的市场监管；申请甘蔗品种知识产权保护等建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years , sugar cane sugar production accounted for more than 90 % of sugar in China .

It is found that the variety of sugarcane varieties in our country is serious and the popularization and application of new varieties is slow . The reason is that the price of sugarcane varieties is higher than that of common field , and farmers ' enthusiasm for new sugarcane varieties is not high ;
secondly , lack of understanding of the role of farmers in increasing the yield and increasing sugar ;
In this paper , sugarcane variety breeding is still in the promotion stage . The sugarcane variety breeding is still in the promotion stage , the temperature and water detoxification and the tissue culture detoxification technology have different adaptability in different regions .

In view of the large variety of sugarcane varieties , this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the standard of seed subsidy , raise funds to promote the promotion of good seed .
Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of subsidy distribution modes , this paper puts forward that to speed up the promotion and the scientific and technological progress of the fine species , we can set up the varieties and the enterprise access threshold , and the parties decide to subsidize the varieties , to invite the breeding enterprises of the bidding , to supply the fine seeds to the enterprises , enterprises and breeding units to agree on the use fees of the varieties , and the enterprises provide high - quality seedlings to the sugarcane farmers according to the preferential price of the tender ;
In the aspect of sugarcane seedling management market , we put forward the suggestion of strengthening supervision and detecting the quality of varieties , standardizing the good seed market and ensuring the real benefit of the farmer .

Through the analysis of the internal environmental advantages , internal environment weakness , external environment opportunity and external environment threat of sugarcane Longtou Enterprise _ Guangxi Guilin Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co . , Ltd . , it is found that the company has stronger internal advantages and good external opportunities , and it is advisable to adopt the strategy of growth strategy and diversification strategy to improve the competitiveness of the company in the market , and to attach a torsional strategic and defensive strategy to strengthen the current company ' s ability in the market competition .

Finally , on the basis of the above research , it is suggested that there are still germplasm resources , scientific research breeding , scientific research input , quality supervision and talent problems in sugarcane industry in our country . In order to promote the sustainable development of sugar cane industry in China , this paper puts forward the selection and application of new sugarcane varieties .
Support the establishment of a fine breeding base , cultivate qualified and honest enterprises , strive for a good seed subsidy , use good seed subsidies , promote the development of the seed industry , and carry out the breeding and promotion of virus - free seedlings ;
Support the cultivation of sugar cane industry companies with the integrated function of breeding and pushing integration ;
To strengthen the market supervision of seedling management ;
To apply for the protection of the intellectual property rights of sugarcane varieties .
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F324.6;F812.8

【参考文献】