轿车独立悬架轮心等效刚度计算

发布时间：2018-05-31 20:13

本文选题：轮心刚度 + 衬套刚度　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：悬架系统是汽车的重要总成之一，其主要作用是传递作用在车轮和车架之间的力和力扭，如支撑力，刹车力，驱动力和转向力，并且缓冲由不平路面传给车架或车身的冲击力，并衰减由此引起的振动，以保证汽车乘坐舒适性和减少车辆的动载荷。经过多年发展，在国外已经形成几种固定的独立悬架模式，国内也通过合作引进了成型的独立悬架，但是要改进轿车的性能，开发具有自主知识产权的轿车，独立悬架的设计是关键环节之一，因为悬架的修改直接关联轿车的稳定性、舒适性及可操控性，更关联高速安全性，因此对悬架系统的研究对于加快我国汽车产业的发展具有重要作用。本文从等效弹性原理入手，首先详细地介绍了等效弹性原理，该原理能大大地简化悬架系统的刚度阵。等效弹性原理不仅能够用来评价悬架系统，而且可以用来优化设计悬架系统。等效弹性原理得以实现的前提条件是悬架系统的整体刚度阵已知，但是查阅各种文献之后发现没有找到一名研究人员对悬架整体刚度的计算给出理论依据，并且在所有查阅的文献中，只要是需要用到悬架刚度的理论推导或计算我们都假设悬架刚度已知，而具体的悬架刚度的获得主要通过实验测量或者有限元模拟得到的，因此对悬架刚度进行理论上的研究是十分有意义的。悬架系统结构比较复杂，悬架系统的刚度主要由连接悬架和车架之间的衬套和连杆提供，连杆和衬套的刚度能容易的获得，但是对悬架系统整体来说其刚度就比较难得到。本文先考虑连杆为刚性:首先找出了悬架系统刚度与单个衬套刚度之间的关系，然后通过数学归纳法推导出了悬架系统刚度与多个衬套之间的关系，，找出了这时影响悬架系统刚度的主要因素；本文接着考虑连杆为柔性:首先找出了悬架系统刚度与单个衬套刚度和单连杆刚度之间的关系，然后通过数学归纳法推导出了悬架系统刚度与多个衬套刚度和多根连杆刚度之间的关系，找出了这时影响悬架系统刚度的主要因素。最后文章通过实例分析计算了两种情况下悬架的整体刚度，对计算得到的刚度运用等效弹性原理进行分析，比较之后发现在考虑连杆的柔性情况下，悬架系统的整体等效刚度将下降，也就是说悬架变软了。比较各弹性螺旋轴的位置，发现在是否考虑连杆柔性的不同情况下，弹性螺旋轴的方向将发生巨大变化，这表明连杆刚度对弹性螺旋轴方向有很大的影响。比较各平移轴位置，发现在是否考虑连杆柔性的不同情况下，平移轴的方向将不会发生重大变化，这表明连杆刚度对平移轴方向的影响不大。
[Abstract]:Suspension system is one of the important assembly of automobile, its main function is to transfer the force and torsion between wheel and frame, such as support force, brake force, driving force and steering force, and buffer the impact force passed from uneven road to frame or body. The vibration caused by this is attenuated to ensure the ride comfort and reduce the dynamic load of the vehicle. After years of development, several fixed independent suspension models have been formed in foreign countries, and the domestic independent suspension has also been introduced through cooperation. However, it is necessary to improve the performance of cars and develop cars with independent intellectual property rights. The design of independent suspension is one of the key links, because the modification of suspension is directly related to the stability, comfort and maneuverability of the car, and is more related to the high speed safety. Therefore, the research on suspension system plays an important role in speeding up the development of automobile industry in China. Starting with the principle of equivalent elasticity, this paper introduces the principle of equivalent elasticity in detail, which can greatly simplify the stiffness matrix of suspension system. The principle of equivalent elasticity can be used not only to evaluate the suspension system, but also to optimize the design of the suspension system. The prerequisite for the realization of the principle of equivalent elasticity is that the global stiffness matrix of the suspension system is known, but after consulting various literatures, it is found that a researcher has not found a theoretical basis for the calculation of the overall stiffness of the suspension. And in all the literature, as long as the theoretical derivation or calculation of the suspension stiffness is needed, we assume that the suspension stiffness is known, and the specific suspension stiffness is obtained mainly by experimental measurement or finite element simulation. Therefore, the theoretical study of suspension stiffness is very meaningful. The structure of suspension system is complex, the stiffness of suspension system is mainly provided by the bushing and connecting rod between suspension and frame, the stiffness of connecting rod and bushing can be easily obtained, but the stiffness of suspension system as a whole is difficult to obtain. In this paper, the stiffness of the connecting rod is considered first. The relationship between the stiffness of the suspension system and the stiffness of the single bushing is first found, and then the relationship between the stiffness of the suspension system and the bushing is deduced by mathematical induction. The main factors that influence the stiffness of suspension system are found out. Then the flexibility of the connecting rod is considered. Firstly, the relationship between the stiffness of suspension system and the stiffness of single bushing and single link is found. Then the relationship between the stiffness of suspension system, the stiffness of multiple bushings and the stiffness of multiple connecting rods is deduced by mathematical induction, and the main factors affecting the stiffness of suspension system are found out. Finally, the paper calculates the overall stiffness of suspension in two kinds of cases by an example, and analyzes the stiffness obtained by using the principle of equivalent elasticity. After comparison, it is found that in the case of considering the flexibility of the connecting rod, The overall equivalent stiffness of the suspension system will be reduced, that is, the suspension will be softened. By comparing the position of each elastic helical shaft, it is found that the direction of the elastic helical shaft will change greatly when the flexibility of the connecting rod is taken into account, which indicates that the stiffness of the connecting rod has a great influence on the direction of the elastic helical axis. By comparing the position of each translational shaft, it is found that the direction of the translational shaft will not change significantly when the flexibility of the connecting rod is taken into account, which indicates that the stiffness of the connecting rod has little effect on the direction of the translational shaft.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U463.33

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