经济转型升级过程中我国对外贸易战略的选择

发布时间：2018-06-04 09:02

本文选题：经济转型 + 产业结构　；参考：《山西财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国自1949年至今先后进行过三次外贸战略调整，为当时的对外贸易和国民经济带来了显著增长。现如今我国对外贸易发展中的问题开始显现，例如外贸结构不科学、贸易方式不合理和外贸发展失衡等，同时国际国内经济环境也在不断变化，从国际来看全球经济持续低迷、国际竞争加剧、贸易摩擦频发，而国内压力主要来自于经济转型升级、传统比较优势减弱和外贸增量不增价的现状，因此当今外贸战略已经不适应贸易和经济发展的需要而必须加以调整。本文首先评析了我国外贸战略的历史演进过程，然后采用理论分析、实证分析和比较分析等方法总结出对外贸易战略的五个选择原则，包括拉动经济增长，发挥综合比较优势，，融合全球化，促进社会和谐和产业结构升级，最终提出对外贸易新战略和配套的外贸政策，这对于我国由贸易大国向贸易强国转变、保持对外贸易和国民经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。笔者认为我国对外贸易战略的未来取向应该是“基于综合比较优势的均衡协调战略”，其内涵可以概括为“两个均衡”（货物贸易、服务贸易的进出口均衡）和“两个协调”（货物贸易和服务贸易协调，内外需协调），发展目标包含数量目标和质量目标两个方面，发展模式应该由速度优先、出口导向向速度适中、质量优先和协调拉动转变，由价格竞争为主向非价格竞争为主转变，由成本优势为主向综合竞争优势为主转变。与此同时我国配套外贸政策如汇率政策、涉外金融政策、涉外财税政策、与贸易有关的知识产权政策、产业和区域政策等也要相应改变，从而提升贸易利益，改善我国在全球价值链中的低端地位，解决当前贸易失衡状况，最终实现经济的稳定健康发展。
[Abstract]:China has made three foreign trade strategic adjustments since 1949, which has brought remarkable growth to the foreign trade and the national economy at that time. Now the problems in the development of our foreign trade are beginning to appear, for example, the unscientific structure of foreign trade, the unreasonable trade mode and the loss of balance of foreign trade, as well as the international and domestic economic environment. From the international point of view, the global economy continues to be depressed, the international competition is intensifying, and the trade frictions are frequent. The domestic pressure is mainly from the upgrading of the economic transformation, the weakening of the traditional comparative advantage and the non increasing price of foreign trade. Therefore, the current foreign trade strategy has not adapted to the needs of trade and economic development and must be adjusted.
This paper first analyzes the historical evolution process of China's foreign trade strategy, and then uses theoretical analysis, empirical analysis and comparative analysis to summarize the five principles of foreign trade strategy, including stimulating economic growth, giving full play to comprehensive comparative advantages, integrating globalization, promoting social harmony and upgrading industrial structure, and finally putting forward foreign trade. The new strategy and the supporting foreign trade policy are of great significance for our country to change from a big trade country to a powerful trade country, and to maintain the sustainable development of foreign trade and the national economy.
The author thinks that the future orientation of China's foreign trade strategy should be "balanced and coordinated strategy based on comprehensive comparative advantage". Its connotation can be summed up as "two equilibrium" (goods trade, import and export balance of service trade) and "two coordination" (goods trade and service trade and internal and external coordination), and the development target contains the quantity order. In the two aspects of standard and quality target, the development mode should be from speed priority, export orientation to speed, quality priority and coordinated pull, change from price competition to non price competition, and change from cost advantage to comprehensive competitive advantage. Policies, foreign financial and tax policies, trade related intellectual property policies, industrial and regional policies should also be changed accordingly, thus enhancing trade interests, improving our low position in the global value chain, solving current trade imbalance and ultimately achieving economic stability and health development.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F752.0

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