开放经济条件下中美贸易差额的真实利益研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 18:50

本文选题：开放经济 + 贸易差额　；参考：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：众所周知,一国发展的基本目标是促进经济增长,其中投资、消费和出口是拉动经济增长的“三驾马车”。投资和消费指的是内需,出口指的是进出口贸易,因此,进出口贸易对一国经济发展的作用不言而喻。最近几年,我国的经济快速发展,2012年已成为世界第二大经济体,期间进出口贸易不断扩大,关于我国在进出口贸易中是贸易利益主要获得方的言论不断出现,尤其是随着经济开放程度的加深,中美贸易的不断扩大,中国贸易顺差地位日渐显著,贸易利益的争论使得中美贸易摩擦加剧。开放经济条件下,全球生产体系发生改变,由产业间生产体系转向产业内生产体系继而又发展到中间产品的垂直化生产体系,中间产品为主导的资源配置相应形成并实现生产要素跨国界的流动,由此贸易流向和本质通过全球生产的深化和产业转移的改变发生了根本性的变化。因此,中美贸易中我国顺差的地位不能足够说明我国是中美贸易中贸易利益的获得者,这要根据贸易利益的流向和本质的改变具体分析中美贸易利益究竟谁是贸易利益的获得者。要分析中美贸易中谁是贸易利益的获得者,首先要解决的问题是怎样衡量贸易利益,对此本文从“真实贸易利益”角度讨论,着重说明的是随着全球生产体系的变革,贸易顺差不等于贸易利益,简单的“数量”背后我们追求的是“质量”。在“数量”分析中包含的统计差异,比较优势下的服务贸易和技术贸易,规模经济下的跨国贸易,垂直分工下的转口贸易和加工贸易等使得“数量”更不具“真实”代表性,但其中也包含着“质量”。“质量”包括的是贸易中技术的进步、分工的地位、产业的升级、物价的平稳、收入的增加以及生活环境等。而这“数量”中的“质量”与“质量”就是本文说的“真实贸易利益”。为了分析这样的一个问题,本文采取了如下论文结构进行分析：文章一共分为六个章节：第一章是引言。包括论文研究的目的和意义、研究现状、研究思路与安排以及本文创新和研究难点。第二章是论文的理论基础。包括贸易利益内涵、发展、测量以及贸易利益统计问题,着重为下文的数据分析和模型分析提供理论基础。第三章是建立第二章的基础之上,对中美真实贸易利益进行数据的描述性分析。从宏观数据下的比较优势、规模经济、垂直分工以及商品结构的视角下分析；微观数据下从生产者的分工利益、技术进步和产业升级以及消费者的劳动报酬、物价水平和生活环境视角下分析。第四章是面板协整模型的实证,通过现行附加值指标构建模型,分析的是比较优势、规模经济、垂直化程度和商品结构相似性对出口附加值的影响。第三章和第四章的分析为下文的我国如何在中美贸易中获得真实贸易利益提出政策建议。第五章给出我国应着重于自主创新、加大知识产权保护力度、发展技术贸易、重视制造服务业、引导对华投资和进行产业结构升级等,在这些方面采取措施,以在中美贸易中获得真实贸易利益。第六章给出了本文的结论：全球生产体系下不同产品的出口国之间分配失衡,在中美贸易中贸易顺差的我国不是获得利益方,贸易逆差的美国也不是贸易利益损失方。传统贸易差额的概念不能再反映开放经济条件下国家之间贸易利益的分配。高附加值生产环节上的生产和低附加值生产环节上的生产之间获得的贸易利益存在着巨大的差异,直接把一国进出口贸易额作为该国的贸易利益,更加失实。出口低附加值、低技术产品或是初级产品的我国从中得到较少的贸易利益,而出口高附加值、高技术的产品或是高端工业产品的美国则能得到较多的贸易利益。因为前一类产品一般是需求收入弹性较小的必需品,市场增长潜力不大,且逐渐被新材料、新能源替代。一国追求的不应该是国际贸易中贸易顺差,这只是“数量”,并不代表就是贸易中的获利方,更重要的是要追求“质量”型的贸易路线,重在对贸易利益的获取,从本质上通过贸易的发展促进本国经济的发展和提高人民生活水平。本文研究的是开放经济条件下中美贸易差额背后的真实贸易利益研究,对于中美真实贸易利益流向旨在给出正确的认识,树立我国在世界经济贸易中的正确地位以制定准确的贸易政策,使我国在世界经济贸易中更大的获取利益。本文研究是建立在中美贸易利益分配的基础上,这对于我国与其他发达国家进行贸易具有参考价值,但是对于我国与发展中国家、不发达国家以及区域一体化下国家贸易之间贸易利益分析不足,以期待以后能够完善。
[Abstract]:As we all know, the basic goal of a country's development is to promote economic growth, in which investment, consumption and export are the "three carriages" to stimulate economic growth. Investment and consumption refer to domestic demand. Export refers to import and export trade. Therefore, the role of import and export trade is self-evident to the economic development of a country. In recent years, our country's economy has rapidly developed. The exhibition, in 2012, has become the second largest economy in the world, and the import and export trade is expanding continuously. The comments on China's main trade interests in import and export trade are constantly emerging, especially with the deepening of the economic openness, the expanding trade between China and the United States, the increasing status of China's trade surplus and the debate on trade interests. The trade frictions between China and the United States have intensified. Under the conditions of open economy, the global production system has changed, from the inter industry production system to the industrial production system and the vertical production system developed to the intermediate products. The resource allocation led by the intermediate products formed and realized the flow of production factors across the national boundary, thus the flow and nature of the trade flow. A fundamental change has taken place through the deepening of global production and the change of industrial transfer. Therefore, the status of China's trade surplus in China and the United States can not be sufficient to indicate that China is the winner of trade interests in China and the United States. This is a specific analysis of the trade interests of China and the United States on the basis of the flow of trade interests and the changes in nature. The winner.
In order to analyze the winners of trade interests in China and the United States, the first problem to be solved is how to measure the trade interests. This article is discussed from the perspective of "real trade interests", and emphasizes that with the change of the global production system, the trade surplus is not equal to the trade interests, and the quality behind the simple "quantity" is "quality". The statistical difference contained in the "quantity" analysis, the service trade and technical trade under comparative advantage, the transnational trade under the scale economy, the re export trade and the processing trade under the vertical division of labor make "quantity" less "true", but it also contains "quality". "Quality" includes trade in technology. Progress, the position of division of labor, the upgrading of industry, the stability of prices, the increase of income and the living environment. And the "quality" and "quality" in this "quantity" is the "real trade interest" in this article.
The first chapter is divided into six chapters: the first chapter is the introduction. It includes the purpose and significance of the research, the status of the research, the research ideas and arrangements, and the difficulties in this paper. The second chapter is the theoretical basis of the paper, including the connotation, development, measurement and statistics of trade interests, focusing on the data analysis and model below. The third chapter is based on the establishment of the second chapters, and the descriptive analysis of the real trade interests between China and the United States. From the comparative advantage of the macro data, the economies of scale, the vertical division of labor and the commodity structure, the division interests of the producers, the technological progress and the industrial upgrading under the microdata. The fourth chapter is the empirical analysis of the panel co integration model. The model is constructed by the current added value index. The analysis is the effect of comparative advantage, scale economy, the degree of vertical and the similarity of commodity structure on the export added value. The analysis of the third chapter and the fourth chapter is the following The fifth chapter gives our country's policy suggestions on how to gain real trade interests in China and the United States. We should focus on independent innovation, increase the protection of intellectual property rights, develop technology trade, attach importance to manufacturing service industry, guide investment in China and upgrade industrial structure, and take measures in these aspects so as to get real trade in China and the United States. The sixth chapter gives the conclusion of this article: the imbalance between the export countries of different products under the global production system, China is not a benefit party in China's trade surplus in China and the United States, and the United States of trade deficit is not a loss of trade interests. The concept of the traditional trade balance cannot reflect the state under the open economy. There is a huge difference in the trade interests obtained between production on high value-added production links and production in low value-added production links, which directly takes the amount of a country's import and export trade as the trade interest of the country, and is more unrealistic. The export of low value-added, low technology products or primary products is from China. With less trade interests, high value-added exports, high tech products or high-end industrial products, the United States can gain more trade benefits. The former products are generally the necessities of small demand income elasticity, the market growth potential is small, and the new materials and new energy are gradually replaced. The pursuit of a country should not be international trade. The easy trade surplus, which is only "quantity", does not represent the profit side in trade. More importantly, it is the pursuit of "quality" type of trade line, the gain of trade interests, and the development of its own economy and the improvement of the living standard of the people by the development of trade.
This paper studies the real trade interests behind the trade balance between China and the United States under the conditions of open economy. It aims to give a correct understanding of the flow of real trade interests between China and the United States, set up a correct position in the world economy and trade in order to establish an accurate trade policy and make our country gain more benefits in the world economy and trade. The study is based on the distribution of trade interests between China and the United States, which is of reference value for China's trade with other developed countries, but the analysis of trade interests between China and the developing countries, the underdeveloped countries and the regional integration of the national trade is insufficient, in order to be improved in the future.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F224;F752.7

【参考文献】