知识产权与表达自由：冲突与契合之反思

发布时间：2018-06-11 22:37

  本文选题：知识产权 + 表达自由　； 参考：《华中科技大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：信息（知识）社会的到来，知识产权的价值日益突显，而要求信息（表达）自由的呼声亦不绝于耳。由于知识产权制度存在以下悖论：即“没有合法的垄断就不会有足够的信息被生产，但是，有了合法的垄断又不会有太多的信息被使用”。由此，在某种程度上，知识产权与信息（表达）自由之间存在着无法克服的矛盾。 为了化解两者之间存在的冲突，既保护知识产权，又使信息（表达）自由，学者们八仙过海，各显神通，提出了各种协调两者矛盾的措施，试图调和其冲突。不过，学者们在讨论知识产权与表达自由的关系时，多倾向于论述两者之间存在的冲突，并建议从内部或外部引入表达自由以限制知识产权，捍卫社会公众获取、接受和传播信息的自由。其理由大都认为表达自由是比知识产权更高位阶的权利类型，在两者发生冲突时，表达自由优先。其实，知识产权与表达自由具有共同的社会环境，如它们都产生于资本主义社会；都以市场经济作为自己的经济基础；都根源于市民社会。知识产权与表达自由具有共同的社会功能，两者都属于人权；都具有促进民主、繁荣文化、实现自我、促进社会变革的功能，以及知识产权与表达自由相互促进。所以，以表达自由直接抗辩知识产权并非理所当然，因为这会导致以下消极后果：减损知识产权人的自治；剥夺知识产权人的财产利益；减弱知识产权制度对创造者的激励；损害表达自由本身的价值。 当然，勿容置疑的是，知识产权与表达自由之间存在矛盾或冲突，而化解两者之间存在的冲突这也是本文要解决的重要课题。学界在讨论知识产权与表达自由的解决之道时，大都比较宏观，比如坚持知识产权工具论，或援引表达自由从外部抗辩知识产权。其实，这种宏大叙事在解决两者冲突时过于抽象，在具体操作时往往陷入困境。换句话说，，这些论述并没有使用表达自由的相关法理或司法原则，来解决表达自由与某种具体的知识产权之间的冲突。此种论述给我们的感觉是：知识产权与表达自由之间是“两张皮”，而没有使知识产权与表达自由交织在一起，本文则试图解决以上问题。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of information (knowledge) society, the value of intellectual property rights is becoming more and more prominent, and the demand for freedom of information (expression) is always heard. Because of the paradox of intellectual property system, "without legal monopoly, there will not be enough information to be produced, but there will be legal monopoly and not too much information will be used". Thus, to some extent, there is an insurmountable contradiction between intellectual property and freedom of information. They put forward various measures to reconcile the contradiction between the two and try to reconcile their conflicts. However, when discussing the relationship between intellectual property rights and freedom of expression, scholars tend to discuss the conflict between the two and recommend the introduction of freedom of expression, both internally and externally, to limit intellectual property rights and defend public access to them. Freedom to receive and impart information Most of the reasons are that freedom of expression is a higher right type than intellectual property, and freedom of expression takes precedence in the event of conflict between the two. In fact, intellectual property rights and freedom of expression have the same social environment, for example, they are both born in capitalist society; they all take market economy as their own economic base; they are both rooted in civil society. Intellectual property rights and freedom of expression have the same social function, both belong to human rights, both have the function of promoting democracy, prospering culture, realizing self, promoting social change, and the mutual promotion of intellectual property rights and freedom of expression. Therefore, it is not a matter of course to defend intellectual property directly with freedom of expression, as this will lead to the following negative consequences: derogating from the autonomy of the intellectual property owner; depriving the intellectual property owner of the property interests; weakening the incentive of the intellectual property system to the creator; Of course, there are contradictions or conflicts between intellectual property rights and freedom of expression, and resolving the conflicts between them is an important issue to be solved in this paper. When discussing the solution of intellectual property right and freedom of expression, the academic circles are mostly macro, such as insisting on intellectual property tool theory, or invoking freedom of expression to defend intellectual property from outside. In fact, this kind of grand narrative is too abstract to solve the conflict between the two, and often gets into a dilemma in concrete operation. In other words, these statements do not use the relevant legal or judicial principles of freedom of expression to resolve the conflict between freedom of expression and a specific intellectual property right. This argument gives us the feeling that there are "two skins" between intellectual property and freedom of expression, without intertwining intellectual property and freedom of expression. This paper attempts to solve the above problems.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D913


本文编号：2006948