我国著作权合理使用制度的失衡与矫正

发布时间：2018-06-12 01:51

本文选题：合理使用 + 利益　；参考：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：各国著作权法为了实现鼓励文学、艺术和科学作品的创作,推动知识传播和促进文化传承这个立法目的,一方面通过专有权利的形式确认作者和作品传播人的利益以便激励作品的创作和传播；而另一方面又对这种专有权利进行合理约束,这样既保证了公众对作品的接触和使用,又得以促进社会文化和科学的发展。合理使用制度随之应用而生了。著作权法通过合理使用制度维持著作权体系中利益格局的动态平衡。虽然著作权法侧重于保障著作权人的权利,但著作权法并不是仅仅保护著作权人的利益。除了这个目的之外,它还具有促进科学文化和艺术事业的发展、进步与繁荣,鼓励、促进优秀科学文化以及艺术等作品不断的创作、传播,使全社会都能借着著作权人的高水平精神产品从而提高自己文化水准的目的。著作权法一开始侧重的是传统著作权人的“个人本位”的利益保护原则,但后来逐渐发展为寻求创作者利益和社会整体利益的平衡。著作权合理使用制度在这一过程中便应运而生了,它产生的根本目的就是是平衡著作权人和作品使用人之间的利益。合理使用制度创立的初始目的是为了协调原创作者和第二作者之间的利益冲突。它一方面为创作者提供必要的创作条件和动力,另一方面还能保证使用者能合理充分的利用作品,以便推动社会创作的繁荣与文化传播进步,让两者的关系可以达到一个平衡。和目前国际通行的做法相比较,我国著作权法的合理使用制度在立法体例,保护方式上还有一些差异,在对著作权人权利的保护方面需要进行一些完善。笔者对此进行举例论证以及对比分析,对合理使用制度的概念、原则、价值、发展方向进行阐述,以期可以促进我国合理使用制度的发展。本文分为五个部分：第一部分首先解释了利益的含义,在对利益概念认识的基础上界定了利益均衡的含义,即是在一定的利益格局和体系下出现的利益体系相对和平共处、相对均衡的状态,为文章的第二部分论述了构建利益均衡机制所依据的理论基础作了铺垫。第二部分论述了构建利益均衡机制所依据的理论基础。分别从人权、激励理论、产权界定理论、知识产权的制度安排方面分析利益均衡机制的合理性。第三部分论述了著作权合理使用制度之利益均衡的对象。合理使用制度,是指法律在在一定条件的下,允许他人在不经著作权人许可的情况下使用受著作权法保护的作品,且不必向其支付报酬的一种制度。合理使用制度作为著作权人权利的主要限制方式,是基于著作权法所蕴含的利益平衡精神而产生。著作权虽是私权的性质,但著作权的保护客体知识产品具有公共商品和私人商品的双重属性,它不仅关系到著作权人的个人利益,也关系到社会公共利益。第四部分对著作权合理使用制度进行比较研究。合理使用是现代各国著作权法普遍采用的一项法律制度,在实践中各国对于著作权均规定了合理使用制度。但在合理使用的范围、合理使用的称谓、合理使用的情形、合理使用的判断标准、合理使用的条件等具体规定都不一样,再结合我国著作权法中具体规定了十二种合理使用的方式进行分析研究,引出下文解决问题、提出对策的部分。第五部分是本文的重点和精华所在,属于解决问题、提出对策的部分。针对目前我国著作权合理使用制度的不足,从立法模式和具体建议角度出发,提出规则主义与因素主义相结合的立法模式,并在具体问题中进行分析和完善。
[Abstract]:In order to encourage the creation of literary, artistic and scientific works, promote the dissemination of knowledge and promote cultural heritage, the copyright law of various countries, on the one hand, affirms the interests of the authors and works through the form of exclusive rights to encourage the creation and dissemination of the works; on the other hand, this exclusive right is reasonable. Constraints, which not only guarantee the public's contact and use of the works, but also promote the development of social culture and science. The system of rational use has come into being. The copyright law maintains the dynamic balance of the interests pattern in the copyright system through the rational use system.
Although copyright law emphasizes the protection of the rights of the copyright owners, the copyright law does not only protect the interests of the copyright owners. In addition to this purpose, it also promotes the development, progress and prosperity of scientific culture and the art cause, encourages, promotes the continuous creation and dissemination of excellent scientific and cultural and art works, so that the whole society is spread. In the beginning, the copyright law focuses on the protection principle of the "personal standard" of the traditional copyright owners, but gradually developed into a balance between the interests of the creator and the whole society. The system of rational use of copyright is the process of this process. The fundamental purpose of it is to balance the interests of the copyright owners and the users of the works. The initial purpose of the establishment of the rational use system is to coordinate the conflict of interests between the original author and the second author. On the one hand, it provides the necessary creation conditions and motivation for the Creator, on the other hand it can also guarantee that the author can make a guarantee for the creation of the author The author can make full use of the works so as to promote the prosperity of social creation and the progress of cultural communication, so that the relationship between the two can reach a balance. Compared with the current international practice, the rational use system of the copyright law of our country has some differences in the legislative style and the way of protection, and the protection of the rights of the copyright owners. In order to promote the development of rational use system in China, the author expounds and contrasts the concept, principle, value and direction of the rational use of the system.
This article is divided into five parts: the first part first explains the meaning of interest. In the basis of understanding the concept of interest, it defines the meaning of the balance of interest, that is, the relatively peaceful coexistence and relative equilibrium of the interest system in a certain interest pattern and system, and the second part of the chapter expounds the construction of the balance of interest mechanism. The basis of the theory is paved.
The second part discusses the theoretical basis for the establishment of a balance mechanism of interest, and analyzes the rationality of the mechanism of balance of interests from the aspects of human rights, incentive theory, the theory of property right definition, and the institutional arrangement of intellectual property.
The third part discusses the object of the balance of the interests of the system of rational use of copyright. The rational use of the system refers to the law, under certain conditions, to allow others to use the copyright law to protect the works without the permission of the copyright owners, and does not have to pay the remuneration to them. The rational use system is the human rights of copyright. The main restrictive way is based on the balance of interests contained in the copyright law. Although copyright is the nature of private rights, the object knowledge product of copyright protection has dual attributes of public goods and private goods. It is not only related to the personal benefits of the copyright owners, but also to the public interests.
The fourth part makes a comparative study of the system of rational use of copyright. Rational use is a legal system commonly used in the copyright law of modern countries. In practice, all countries have set up a reasonable use system for copyright. However, in the scope of rational use, the proper use of appellations, the reasonable use of the situation, the reasonable use of the judgment standard, The specific provisions of the reasonable use of the conditions are different, and then combined with the specific provisions of the copyright law of our country twelve ways of rational use of analysis and research, leads to the solution of the following problems, and put forward the countermeasures.
The fifth part is the key and essence of this article. It belongs to the part of solving the problem and putting forward the countermeasures. In view of the deficiency of the current system of rational use of copyright in our country, the legislative mode combining the rule doctrine and the factor doctrine is put forward from the legislative mode and the specific suggestion angle, and the analysis and improvement are made in the specific problems.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.41

【参考文献】