论商标先用权的法律保护

发布时间：2018-06-13 15:14

本文选题：商标在先使用 + 原有范围　；参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前现行各国的商标法中,商标权的取得大致可以分为三种:注册取得主义、使用取得主义和混合原则。我国商标权的取得采用的是注册主义,并且是自愿注册原则,所以实践中必然有大量未注册商标存在于市场流通领域,这些商标使用人虽然没有获得商标专用权,但是其使用行为也凝结了大量心血,投入了资金和劳动,倘若有一天其权利要拱手让给商标专用权人,显然不符合民事活动的公平原则。在《商标法》修订之前,只有未注册的驰名商标能够得到法律保护,而其他未注册商标使用人的权利保护却处于真空状态。2013年《商标法》在修订过程中将商标先用权制度正式确立下来,这使得未注册商标的在先使用人权利得到了更好地保护。然而立法的相关规定却还有模糊之处,对于相应标准的规范及探讨不足,这大大影响了该制度在实践中的运用,也难以发挥其对于注册主义原则的弥补作用,故本文通过分析商标先用权的保护现状,思考目前法律对其保护的不足,立足寻找出可行性的保护建议。文章第一部分从了解我国商标先用权的保护现状展开论述。首先对于我国商标先用权的概念及性质进行界定,然后将我国商标先用权的内容进行分析,包括积极权能和消极权能,再对我国商标先用权的保护的范围进行论述,将不属于商标先用权保护的情况排除在外,以期更好地确定商标先用权的边界。第二部分论述我国商标先用权行使的限制及其法律保护的不足。对于商标先用权的限制主要包括行使方式的限制、使用范围的限制以及商标知名度的限制。限制标准的不清晰导致了商标先用权在实际适用中的不足,文章着重分析了我国商标先用权法律保护中的相关不足,“在先使用”判定标准以及先用人主观状态缺乏,商标知名度认定标准不清晰、区别标识认定不明确以及“原有范围”规定不足都将影响到商标先用权的实际适用。第三部分对于域外商标先用权法律保护进行探究,以期能对完善我国商标先用权制度有所启发。对于域外商标先用权的立法规定,以法系作为划分,分别对英美法系国家和地区以及大陆法系国家和地区的商标先用权立法规定做出评析,在分析并结合不同国家的规定后提出对我国的相关启示。第四部分是对我国商标先用权法律保护的完善建议。对于完善可以从商标先用权的构成要件不足入手,提出应明确对“在先使用”进行界定,明确商标知名度的客观判断参考因素以及商标先用权的行使方式,并进一步明确“原有范围”的内涵,还对于立法缺失部分提出应增加商标在先使用人主观善意的规定。对于具体可行的建议进行重点分析,望能对我国商标先用权制度有所裨益。
[Abstract]:At present, in the trademark law of various countries, the trademark right can be divided into three kinds: registration acquisitionism, using acquisitionism and mixed principle. The acquisition of trademark rights in our country adopts the principle of registration and voluntary registration. Therefore, in practice, there must be a large number of unregistered trademarks in the field of market circulation, although the users of these trademarks have not obtained the exclusive right to use the trademark. But its use behavior also condenses a great deal of effort, has invested the fund and the labor, if one day its right wants to hand over to the trademark exclusive right person, obviously does not accord with the civil activity fair principle. Before the amendment of the Trademark Law, only unregistered well-known trademarks could be protected by law. However, the protection of the rights of other unregistered trademark users is in a vacuum. In 2013, the trademark law formally established the trademark preemptive right system in the process of revision, which made the rights of the prior users of unregistered trademarks better protected. However, the relevant provisions of the legislation are still vague, the norms and discussion of the corresponding standards are insufficient, which greatly affects the application of the system in practice, and it is difficult to play its role in making up for the principle of registrationism. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current situation of protection of trademark preemptive right, considers the deficiency of current law to protect it, and finds out feasible protection suggestions based on it. The first part of the article discusses the current situation of trademark preemption protection in China. Firstly, it defines the concept and nature of trademark preemption right in China, then analyzes the content of trademark preemptive right in our country, including positive power and negative power, and then discusses the scope of protection of trademark preemptive right in China. In order to better determine the boundary of trademark preemptive right, the situation that does not belong to the protection of trademark preemptive right is excluded. The second part discusses the limitation of trademark preemptive right and the deficiency of legal protection. The limitation of trademark preemption includes the restriction of the way of use, the limitation of the scope of use and the limitation of trademark popularity. The lack of the limitation standard leads to the deficiency of the trademark first use right in practice. The article emphatically analyzes the related deficiencies in the legal protection of the trademark first use right in our country, the judgment standard of "first use in the first use" and the lack of subjective state of the first use of the first person. The standard of trademark recognition is not clear, the identification of distinguishing mark is not clear, and the limitation of original scope will affect the practical application of trademark preemptive right. The third part probes into the legal protection of the foreign trademark preemptive right in order to enlighten the perfection of the trademark preemptive right system in our country. As to the legislative provisions of the extraterritorial trademark preemptive right, the legal system is used as the division, and the legislative provisions of the trademark preemptive right in the Anglo-American law system countries and regions and the continental law system countries and regions are evaluated respectively. After analyzing and combining with the regulations of different countries, this paper puts forward the enlightenment to our country. The fourth part is the perfect suggestion to our country trademark first use right legal protection. In order to consummate, we can start with the deficiency of the constituent elements of trademark first use right, and put forward that we should clearly define "first use", make clear the objective judgment reference factor of trademark popularity and the way to exercise trademark prior use right. The connotation of "original scope" is further clarified, and the provisions of subjective goodwill of trademark users should be added to the missing part of legislation. It is hoped that the analysis of the concrete and feasible suggestions will benefit the trademark preemptive right system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.43

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