药品专利保护与社会公共利益问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 04:18

本文选题：药品专利 + 公共健康　；参考：《兰州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：药品专利制度是否对社会公共利益产生了很大的影响?尤其对与药品联系最紧密的社会公共健康,还是说为了保护社会公共利益而抑制了医药的技术创新?这些目前已经成为一个世界性的问题。在专利权人的经济利益与人类的健康权发生冲突时,我们应该了解专利制度的目的与公共健康关系的深刻内涵是什么?我们该怎样权衡利益间的平衡?我们现在面临的问题亟需解决。这可谓是个研究契机,促成了笔者的研究动机。近些年来,社会公共健康危机不断的发生,一直让人们困扰的艾滋病,不断蔓延的禽流感等世界性重大的传染病都让我们全世界的人们予以关注。对我们整个社会公共利益造成了很大的影响。尤其对占全世界3/4人口的发展中国家,由于缺乏药品引起的跨国的公共健康危机越来严重,已经引起了全世界的关注。成为了WTO架构下迫切需要解决的重要议题。对于如何解决药品专利保护和社会公共利益中与药品专利联系最紧密的公共健康利益之冲突,协调其之间的关系成为了一个复杂的话题,同时也成为在知识产权保护中最大的争议之一。本文主要研究药品专利保护与社会公共利益中与药品专利联系最紧密的公共健康之间的协调问题。首先,详细的探讨了药品专利保护制度的内容,了解了专利制度的起源,进而阐述了药品专利制度的发展以及药品的可及性问题。其次,探究公共健康权和药品专利保护之间的冲突考察,主要分析了TRIPs协议下对药品专利的保护,在对于药品的发明和治疗方法TRIPs协议提供的专利保护至关重要,TRIPs协议对于应对这些问题有很重要的作用,它也给予了各成员方一定的灵活性,为世界上那些急需医疗救助的人们和对药品专利的保护之间寻求了一种平衡。随后,通过比较法和案例分析法,探讨了对药品专利保护与社会公共健康之间的平衡与协调,着重分析了《多哈宣言》和《总理事会决议》等的相关规定为解决冲突中的相关规范中的不足与局限性。紧接着探讨了发展中国家为解决其冲突应采取的法律措施和非法律措施。最后,结合我国的现状,详细的分析了药品专利保护和公共健康中存在的问题。提出我国《专利法》规定的不足之处,并提出了相关对策,详细的分析了强制许可在我国的具体实施,平行进口专利药在我国的利用以及我国应该对中药及中国遗传资源和传统知识的重视。
[Abstract]:Does the drug patent system have a great impact on the public interest? Especially for the social public health, which is most closely related to drugs, or is it to protect the public interests of the society and restrain the technological innovation of medicine? These have now become a worldwide problem. When the patentee's economic interest conflicts with the human's right to health, what is the profound connotation of the relationship between the purpose of the patent system and public health? How should we balance the interests? The problems we are now facing are in urgent need of solution. This can be said to be a research opportunity, contributing to the author's research motivation. In recent years, social public health crisis has occurred constantly, people have been troubled by AIDS, the spread of avian flu and other major worldwide infectious diseases all over the world let us pay attention to. It has had a great impact on the public interest of our society as a whole. Especially for the developing countries, which account for 3 / 4 of the world's population, the transnational public health crisis caused by the lack of drugs has become more and more serious and has attracted worldwide attention. It has become an urgent need to solve the important issue under the WTO framework. How to solve the conflict between drug patent protection and public interest, which is most closely related to drug patent, has become a complicated topic. At the same time, it has become one of the biggest disputes in intellectual property protection. This paper focuses on the coordination between drug patent protection and public health, which is most closely related to drug patent. Firstly, the content of drug patent protection system is discussed in detail, the origin of patent system is understood, and then the development of drug patent system and the issue of drug accessibility are expounded. Secondly, it explores the conflict between public health rights and drug patent protection, mainly analyzes the protection of pharmaceutical patents under trips. The trips Agreement has a very important role to play in dealing with these problems in terms of patent protection provided by the trips Agreement for the invention and treatment of drugs, and it also gives some flexibility to the members. A balance has been struck between the world's people in need of medical aid and the protection of drug patents. Then, through comparative law and case analysis, the balance and coordination between drug patent protection and social public health are discussed. The relevant provisions of the Doha Declaration and the General Council Resolution are analyzed as the shortcomings and limitations of the relevant norms in conflict resolution. Then it discusses the legal and non-legal measures that developing countries should take to resolve their conflicts. Finally, according to the current situation of our country, the problems in patent protection and public health are analyzed in detail. Put forward the deficiencies of the Patent Law of our country, and put forward the relevant countermeasures, detailed analysis of the specific implementation of compulsory licensing in China, The utilization of parallel imported patent drugs in China and the importance of traditional Chinese medicine, genetic resources and traditional knowledge in China.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.4

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