卷管铺设系统样机研制及管道力学性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 13:33

本文选题：卷管铺设 + 海底管道　；参考：《哈尔滨工程大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：能源在人类生存和发展过程中扮演着重要的角色,而在所有能源中,石油和天然气占有最主要地位。随着陆地油气资源开采殆尽,开发海洋油气资源已迫在眉睫。在海洋油气资源的开发过程中,需要将海底油气输送至陆地或者油气船上。目前,世界各国主要采用海底管道作为油气输送工具。卷管铺设是一种新型海底管道铺设方式,在远距离管道铺设中具有较大的优势。因此,开展卷管铺设关键技术研究,研制一种具有自主知识产权的卷管铺设装备,对打破国外技术封锁,提高我国海洋工程装备技术水平具有重要意义。本文首先介绍海底管道各种铺设方法的发展现状,并分析归纳各种方法的优缺点;针对论文研究的卷管铺设法,对其涉及到的关键理论进行综述,具体包括:管道安全性、管道屈曲理论和管道校直理论。提出卷管铺设系统的总体方案。针对部件结构尺寸和重量较大的问题,采用模块化设计的思想。根据部件的功能和特点,将整个系统分为滚筒、校准器、校直器、张紧器和铺设塔架五个部分。并对各个部件的结构和驱动形式进行设计。在此基础上,对系统的液压驱动和控制方案进行设计。针对卷管铺设中管道受力较大易失效的问题,提出一种管道安全性的判定方法。通过分析管道的失效机理和铺设过程中的受力状况,得到管道极限载荷承载能力和极限应变能力,并对影响管道安全性的因素进行研究。采用该方法对试验系统中管道的安全性进行分析,验证本文滚筒设计的正确性。研究卷管铺设中上卷时管道的屈曲问题。以非线性环理论为基础,建立起管道横截面变形和曲率之间的关系;考虑管道和滚筒之间的接触,基于虚功原理,获得横截面变形和外界载荷之间的平衡方程;并用牛顿-拉夫森迭代法进行求解,获得管道在上卷过程中弯矩和椭圆度的变化。分析管道几何、材料参数以及弹性回弹对管道屈曲的影响。采用陆地试验和仿真相结合的方法验证该方法的正确性。针对管道上卷后残余挠度较大的问题,建立一种连续、快速的校直模型,获得了校直反弯下压量和校直行程。基于最小势能原理,获得管道单位长度上的最大弹性压力,建立起校直器压点、支点和管道性能之间的关系。以弹塑性理论为基础,通过求解管道弯矩、塑弯比从而获得管道校直曲率和初始曲率之间的数学关系。为便于铺设过程中校直器的操作,进一步得到管道的校直反弯下压量和校直行程。通过研究材料、几何参数对校直曲率的影响,将校直曲率公式进行简化。基于ANSYS对管道校直过程进行分析,通过仿真结果和理论结果的比较分析,验证校直模型和理论的正确性。开展卷管铺设试验研究。研制卷管铺设系统试验样机,搭建海试试验平台。通过样机调试、码头上卷试验和海上退卷试验,对样机总体方案和理论计算进行验证。试验结果验证了本文所提出的总体方案、管道安全性判断方法、管道上卷弯曲屈曲分析方法、管道校直模型和理论的正确性。本文研究成果对深海卷管铺设系统工程样机的研制提供了理论基础,为卷管铺设法的实际操作提供了宝贵的实践经验,同时为我国海底管道铺设技术的深入研究开阔了思路,具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Energy plays an important role in the survival and development of human beings. In all energy sources, oil and natural gas occupy the most important position. With the exploitation of the land oil and gas resources, the development of marine oil and gas resources is imminent. In the development of marine oil and gas resources, the oil and gas should be transported to land or oil and gas ships. At present, all countries in the world are mainly using submarine pipelines as oil and gas conveyance tools. Coil laying is a new type of submarine pipeline laying mode, which has great advantages in long distance pipeline laying. Therefore, the key technology of rolling pipe laying is researched and a kind of coil laying equipment with independent knowledge production right is developed to break the foreign technical blockade. It is of great significance to improve the technical level of marine engineering equipment in China. Firstly, this paper introduces the development status of various laying methods of submarine pipelines and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and summarizes the key theories involved in the study of the paper, including the safety of pipeline, the theory of pipeline buckling and the pipe. According to the function and characteristics of the components, the whole system is divided into five parts: roller, calibrator, straightener, tensioner and paving tower, and the structure and driving form of each component. On the basis of this, the hydraulic drive and control scheme of the system are designed. In view of the problem that the pipe stress is large and easy to fail in the pipe laying, a method for determining the safety of the pipe is put forward. By analyzing the failure mechanism of the pipe and the stress condition in the laying process, the ultimate load bearing capacity and the ultimate strain of the pipe are obtained. This method is used to analyze the safety of the pipeline in the test system, to verify the correctness of the design of the drum, and to study the buckling of the pipe when the roll is rolled up. Based on the nonlinear ring theory, the relationship between the deformation and the curvature of the cross section of the pipe is established. Considering the contact between the pipe and the cylinder, based on the principle of virtual work, the equilibrium equation between the cross section deformation and the external load is obtained, and the Newton Raphson iterative method is used to obtain the change of the bending moment and the ellipticity of the pipe during the rolling process. The effect of the pipe geometry, material parameters and elastic rebound to the pipe buckling is analyzed. In order to verify the correctness of the method, a continuous and rapid straightening model is established to obtain the pressure and straightening stroke of the straightening and reverse bending. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy, the maximum elastic pressure on the unit length of the pipe is obtained, and the pressure point of the straightener is established and the support is established. The relationship between the point and the pipe performance. Based on the elastoplastic theory, the mathematical relationship between the curvature of the pipe straightening and the initial curvature is obtained by solving the pipe bending moment and the plastic bending ratio. In order to facilitate the operation of the straightener in the process of laying, the pressure and straightening stroke of the straightening and reverse bend of the pipeline are further obtained. The material and the geometric parameters are studied by the study of the material and the geometric parameters. The straightening curvature formula is simplified. The straightening process of the pipe is analyzed based on ANSYS. The correctness of the straightening model and theory is verified through the comparison and analysis of the simulation results and the theoretical results. The test research of the winding pipe laying is carried out. The test prototype of the coil laying system is developed and the sea test platform is built. Through the prototype, the prototype is built. Debug, wharf roll test and offshore rewinding test to verify the overall scheme and theoretical calculation of the prototype. The test results verify the overall scheme proposed in this paper, the method of pipeline safety judgment, the bending buckling analysis method of the pipe roll, the correctness of the pipe straightening model and the theory. The development of the engineering prototype provides a theoretical basis and provides valuable practical experience for the practical operation of the pipe laying. At the same time, it is of great significance to broaden the thinking of the deep study of the submarine pipeline laying technology in China.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TE973.92

【相似文献】