转基因动物专利研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 14:46

本文选题：转基因动物 + 生物技术　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：转基因动物是现代生物技术尤其是基因技术的产物。到今天为止,研究机构已经研制出转基因鼠、转基因羊、转基因猴等,这些研究成果已经已经显示出巨大的商业前景。随着生物技术的逐渐成熟,转基因技术逐渐成为常规技术,在动物育种以及基因治疗等领域发挥巨大的作用。越来越多的转基因动物带来的不止是先进的药物和治疗技术,还有因此而产生的知识产权利益分配纠纷。现阶段我国对转基因动物的立法重点尚停留在生物安全与食品安全的监管层面,没有对转基因动物育种者权利提供足够的知识产权保护。转基因动物知识产权保护的法律空白地带,在技术发展越来越依赖专利保护的今天,显得不合时宜,也不利于对生物技术发明创造的激励。本文主要以动物科学和知识产权法学理论为基础,分析了转基因动物的特点及学界对转基因动物专利的不同见解,澄清概念和争议。最后分析转基因动物的实用性、创造性、涉及的伦理问题等,并从这些方面论证了专利法对转基因动物的合理性和可行性,对我国采取专利保护转基因动物进行了制度探索,以求丰富我国转基因动物知识产权保护理论。本文大体分为三个部分。第一部分对转基因动物以及与转基因动物有关的知识产权进行了概念上的梳理,介绍了转基因动物的概念制作方法等生物学基础知识,重点介绍了转基因动物的商业应用前景。另外,对生物技术专利、基因专利与转基因动物专利的概念进行界定,以达到合理界定本文的讨论范围的目的。另外,本文第一部分还介绍了国外对转基因动物专利的实践做法。本文第二部分重点讨论了授予转基因动物专利的几种主要争议,诸如发明与发现之争、公序良俗之争、生态安全之争和发展中国家利益平衡之争。对于这些争议,本文对争议采取的是具体分析法,对各个争议进入实质分析。随后深入分析了转基因动物获得知识产权保护的正当性,进入到专利的实质审查层面,分析了转基因动物知识产权的创造性、新颖性和实用性。本文第三部分利用我国转基因动物相关专利的现实案例对转基因动物专利保护现状进行讨论,并对转基因动物专利保护进行了深入的理论思考和制度探索,提出了转基因动物专利的技术主题确定以及保护范围的设想。本文最后得出结论是必须加快对转基因动物育种知识产权保护的研究,以求合理界定转基因动物育种人与社会公共利益分配。本文的主要观点包括:转基因动物是动物育种人的发明劳动成果,符合可专利性要件,应该获得专利法的保护。我国应尽快改变对转基因动物简单地不授予专利保护的现状,加快对转基因动物育种者权益的保护,促进转基因生物技术的发展。
[Abstract]:Transgenic animals are the product of modern biotechnology, especially genetic technology. So far, research institutions have developed transgenic mice, genetically modified sheep, genetically modified monkeys and so on. These results have shown great commercial prospects. With the development of biotechnology, transgenic technology has become a conventional technique, which plays an important role in animal breeding and gene therapy. More and more genetically modified animals bring not only advanced drugs and treatments, but also intellectual property rights distribution disputes. At present, the focus of legislation on genetically modified animals in our country remains at the level of biosafety and food safety, and there is not enough intellectual property protection for the rights of breeders of transgenic animals. The legal blank zone of intellectual property protection of genetically modified animals, which depends on patent protection more and more in the development of technology, is out of date and unfavorable to the encouragement of the invention and creation of biotechnology. Based on the theories of animal science and intellectual property law, this paper analyzes the characteristics of transgenic animals and the different opinions of scholars on the patent of transgenic animals, and clarifies the concept and controversy. Finally, this paper analyzes the practicability, creativity and ethical problems of transgenic animals, and demonstrates the rationality and feasibility of patent law on transgenic animals from these aspects, and explores the system of patent protection of transgenic animals in China. In order to enrich the theory of intellectual property protection of transgenic animals in China. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the concept of transgenic animals and the intellectual property rights related to transgenic animals are combed, and the basic biological knowledge such as the concept making method of transgenic animals is introduced, and the commercial application prospect of transgenic animals is emphasized. In addition, the concepts of biotechnology patent, gene patent and transgenic animal patent are defined in order to reasonably define the scope of this paper. In addition, the first part of this paper also introduces the foreign patent practices on genetically modified animals. In the second part of this paper, the author mainly discusses several kinds of disputes about the patent of genetically modified animals, such as invention and discovery, public order and good custom, ecological security and the balance of interests in developing countries. For these disputes, this article adopts the concrete analysis method to the dispute, enters the substantive analysis to each dispute. Then it analyzes the legitimacy of transgenic animals to obtain intellectual property rights protection, enters into the essence of patent examination, and analyzes the creativity, novelty and practicability of transgenic animals intellectual property rights. In the third part of this paper, the current situation of patent protection of transgenic animals is discussed, and the theoretical thinking and institutional exploration of patent protection of transgenic animals are discussed. The technical theme and the scope of protection of the patent for genetically modified animals are put forward. Finally, it is concluded that it is necessary to speed up the research on intellectual property protection of transgenic animal breeding in order to reasonably define the distribution of human and social public interest in transgenic animal breeding. The main viewpoints of this paper are as follows: transgenic animals are the result of animal breeders' invention and labor, which accord with the requirements of patentability and should be protected by patent law. China should change the current situation of simply not granting patent protection to transgenic animals as soon as possible, accelerate the protection of the rights and interests of breeders of transgenic animals, and promote the development of transgenic biotechnology.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.42;Q789

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