杂交水稻在国外的发展历程与展望

发布时间：2018-07-12 10:56

本文选题：杂交水稻 + 育种　；参考：《科学通报》2016年35期

【摘要】：杂交水稻的培育和推广为世界粮食安全做出了重要的贡献.本文概述了杂交水稻技术在孟加拉国、巴基斯坦、印度、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、缅甸、越南和美国等主要杂交水稻生产国家的发展历程,并重点分析了各地区杂交水稻研发的典型特征和限制杂交水稻进一步推广应用的主要问题.分析认为,杂交水稻在以上不同国家的推广应用基本上都经历了从引种到本地化育种以及性状改良等发展阶段,杂交水稻技术在这些地区的成功应用主要得益于新品种培育、制种技术的突破和农艺性状的改良.但是,当前杂交水稻在国外的发展仍然面临以下问题:杂交水稻亲本的遗传同质化程度高导致热带杂交水稻的产量优势不如温带杂交水稻;杂交水稻种子来源不稳定;杂交水稻制种产量低和种子质量难以保证;杂交水稻的抗性和米质等一些主要性状不适应现代农业生产和市场经济的要求;科技推广服务体系和科研人才培养机制不健全,缺乏相应的知识产权保护政策和科技成果转化机制等.因此利用现代分子育种新技术来扩大杂交水稻亲本间的遗传差异,利用杂种优势群组,精细育种等科学理论来指导热带地区杂交水稻的培育,并紧密加强公益机构和种业的合作,创建互补双赢的科研和商业化结合的机制,对于促进杂交水稻的可持续发展有重要的意义.另外,国际水稻研究所组织成立的全球杂交水稻协作网有望为热带杂交水稻的进一步发展提供帮助.
[Abstract]:The cultivation and popularization of hybrid rice has made an important contribution to world food security. This paper summarizes the development of hybrid rice technology in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Vietnam and the United States. The typical characteristics of hybrid rice R & D in different regions and the main problems limiting the further application of hybrid rice were analyzed. It is concluded that the popularization and application of hybrid rice in the above countries have basically gone through the stages of development from introduction to local breeding and character improvement, and the successful application of hybrid rice technology in these areas is mainly due to the cultivation of new varieties. Breakthrough of seed production technology and improvement of agronomic characters. However, the current development of hybrid rice in foreign countries still faces the following problems: the high degree of genetic homogenization of hybrid rice parents leads to lower yield dominance of tropical hybrid rice than that of temperate hybrid rice, and the source of hybrid rice seeds is unstable; The yield of hybrid rice seed production is low and the seed quality is difficult to guarantee; some main traits such as resistance and rice quality of hybrid rice do not meet the requirements of modern agricultural production and market economy, and the scientific and technological extension service system and scientific research personnel training mechanism are not perfect. Lack of corresponding intellectual property protection policy and scientific and technological achievements transformation mechanism. Therefore, modern molecular breeding techniques are used to expand the genetic differences between parents of hybrid rice, and scientific theories such as heterosis group and fine breeding are used to guide the cultivation of hybrid rice in tropical regions. It is of great significance to strengthen the cooperation between public welfare institutions and seed industry and to establish a mutually beneficial mechanism of scientific research and commercialization for promoting the sustainable development of hybrid rice. In addition, the establishment of the Global Hybrid Rice Cooperation Network by the International Rice Research Institute is expected to contribute to the further development of tropical hybrid rice.
【作者单位】：袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司;华中农业大学植物科学技术学院;
【分类号】：S511

【相似文献】