论我国惩罚性赔偿制度适用范围的扩大

发布时间：2018-07-20 08:43

【摘要】：惩罚性赔偿制度自其从英国发源之后便在其应该如何适用以及适用范围上饱受争议，但是惩罚性赔偿制度之所以能够存在至今天，并且在争议中得以长足发展是有其原因的。其不仅能够弥补单一的补偿性民事责任的不足，满足社会日益发展的需要，其更能在一定程度上契合私法的发展趋势，建立起法律防护的堡垒。虽然惩罚性赔偿制度在英美法系的适用要比在大陆法系的适用广泛，但是从目前的趋势来看，大陆法系国家对于惩罚性赔偿制度的适用呈现出扩大的趋势。我国针对惩罚性赔偿制度所持的态度是较为谨慎的，但是随着经济社会的不断发展，特别是中国在经历了30年的经济快速发展期之后，社会上的一些问题凸显，而随着社会的不断发展，法律在惩罚性赔偿制度方面所表现出来的滞后性也日益严重。本文试图分析现行法中惩罚性赔偿制度在适用范围上所存在的不足，在对扩大惩罚性赔偿制度的适用范围的正当性进行逻辑论证之后，提出究竟该在哪些方面来扩大惩罚性赔偿制度的适用。论文除了引言和结论之外，总共分为三个部分：第一部分，论述了惩罚性赔偿制度适用范围狭窄所存在的弊端。首先是对现如今我国在惩罚性赔偿制度方面立法上的列举。通过对一系列现行法的分析，得出惩罚性赔偿制度在我国的适用上是持着较为谨慎的态度的，而这种谨慎的态度是不能够充分发挥惩罚性赔偿制度其应有的作用的。其次是对这种谨慎态度的分析，并通过分析得出这种谨慎的态度在现如今的社会是不利于惩罚性赔偿制度的发展和整个法律体系的完善的，而且这种谨慎的态度使得许许多多的违法现象层出不穷。第二部分，论述了惩罚性赔偿制度适用范围扩大的正当性。首先是对惩罚性赔偿制度的损害填补功能的分析，，论证了若想扩大惩罚性赔偿制度的适用范围，就要以惩罚性赔偿制度的损害填补功能作为逻辑前提；其次，通过对外国法的借鉴以及法律全球化的趋势来说明惩罚性赔偿制度在我国扩大适用的必要性。第三部分，介绍了惩罚性赔偿制度扩大适用的新领域。这一部分是笔者对惩罚性赔偿制度如何扩大适用的构想，除了在现行法的既有领域要扩大惩罚性赔偿制度的适用范围，在一些新的领域如现代化通讯工具大规模侵权案件中、知识产权案件中、侵犯商业秘密案件中、环境侵权案件中引入惩罚性赔偿制度，从而使惩罚性赔偿制度在法律所调整范围内的大部分领域都能够得以适用。
[Abstract]:The system of punitive damages has been controversial since it originated from Britain. However, the system of punitive damages has existed to this day and developed rapidly in the controversy. It can not only make up for the deficiency of the single compensatory civil liability and meet the needs of the society's development day by day, but also be able to conform to the development trend of private law to a certain extent, and build up the fortress of legal protection. Although the application of punitive damages in the common law system is wider than that in the civil law system, but from the current trend, the application of the punitive damages system in the countries of the civil law system shows a trend of expansion. Our attitude towards punitive damages system is more cautious, but with the development of economy and society, especially after 30 years of rapid economic development in China, some social problems have been highlighted. With the development of society, the lag of the law in punitive damages is becoming more and more serious. This paper attempts to analyze the shortcomings of the punitive damages system in the current law, after the logical argumentation on the legitimacy of expanding the scope of application of the punitive damages system, The author puts forward what aspects should be applied to expand the application of punitive damages system. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into three parts: the first part discusses the disadvantages of the punitive damages system in its narrow scope of application. First of all, it lists the legislation of punitive damages in our country. Based on the analysis of a series of existing laws, it is concluded that the application of punitive damages system in our country is more cautious attitude, and this prudent attitude can not give full play to the role of punitive damages system. Secondly, the analysis of this cautious attitude, and through the analysis of this cautious attitude in today's society is not conducive to the development of punitive damages system and the improvement of the entire legal system. And this cautious attitude has led to numerous violations of the law. The second part discusses the legitimacy of the expansion of the scope of application of punitive damages system. First of all, it analyzes the damage filling function of punitive damages system, and proves that if we want to expand the scope of application of punitive damages system, we should take the damage compensation function of punitive damages system as the logical premise. Through the reference of foreign law and the trend of legal globalization, the necessity of expanding the application of punitive damages system in China is explained. The third part, introduced the punitive damages system to expand the application of new areas. This part is the author's idea of how to expand the application of punitive damages system, in addition to the existing areas of current law to expand the scope of application of punitive damages system, in some new areas such as modern communication tools of mass infringement cases, In intellectual property rights cases, trade secrets infringement cases and environmental infringement cases, the punitive damages system is introduced, so that the punitive damages system can be applied in most areas regulated by the law.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923

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