计算机软件盗版的认定及法律规制

发布时间：2018-07-23 08:08

【摘要】：科学技术是第一生产力，这是在经济一体化的今天，各国政府都达成的一个共识。在科技的推动下，计算机的应用得到了更广泛的推广，并带动着相关的软件产业。我国的软件开发是从上世纪70年代末开始，由于起步较晚，这一新兴产业从初期就受到国外挤压、国内研究资金不足、人才短缺等因素的制约，步履维艰。伴随着计算机产业的发展，软件市场需求量的扩大，且软件复制成本低、技术容易掌握的特点，软件的盗版问题日益突出，成为越来越多人的谋利手段。一般情况下，软件盗版的类型可分为：硬盘预装盗版、软件仿冒盗版、光盘盗版、企业盗版、互联网盗版、不同个体间混合盗版等。为了解决日益严重的盗版现状，我国对知识产权重要组成部分的《中华人民共和国著作权法》进行修订，确立了符合国际版权保护标准的版权保护体系。除了著作权法，还有专业部门的法律法规即《计算机软件保护条例》。但尽管如此，我国的盗版率依旧在各国中名列前茅。美国商业软件联盟（BAS）[1]2010年公布的全球主要国家盗版率：中国2009年盗版率为79%，排名27。虽然较1994年的97%下降较多，但与盗版率最低的美国（20%）仍有较大差距（本段有关数据来源见第一页注释1）。在美国强大的压力下我们就一定要将盗版的标尺生硬地抬高到与发达国家相同的水平吗？版权要保护，，但按照传统的中庸思想，保护与打击之间应有一个合情合理的过度。法律的制定不但要公平公正，更要兼顾到效率和效益。因此，文章将会从社会利益、个人利益等方面出发，基于我国经济和社会发展的现状对盗版软件的认定标准、侵权判定、立法操作和司法实践上进行探索和研究。软件盗版的认定标准与一般软件侵权既有共性，又有差异。从理论上讲，对盗版软件的侵权认定必须满足四个条件：即存在侵权的损害事实；实施侵权行为；侵权行为与损害结果之间存在因果关系；侵权人存在主观过错。从实践上讲，认定是否构成软件盗版，还有以下方法：1、可通过与正版软件进行盘面内同比较或对比文件名、目录；2、对比安装过程；3、对比安装后的目录、文件、使用过程；4、对比代码的方式。此外，文章在对国内外的研究现状进行比较的基础上，提出完善我国软件保护的法律对策，借以希望能对我国软件发展提供更全面的保护。例如，在民法上注重保护“阶梯”平衡、明确反向工程规定；在刑法上细化盗版犯罪入罪标准、加大刑罚力度；在行政上促进政府扶植软件创新产业等。
[Abstract]:Science and technology is the first productive force, which is a consensus reached by governments in today's economic integration. Under the impetus of science and technology, the application of computer has been popularized more widely, and has driven the related software industry. The software development of our country began at the end of 1970s. Due to the late start, this new industry has been squeezed by foreign countries from the initial stage, the domestic research fund is insufficient, the talent shortage and so on factors restrict, and so on. With the development of computer industry, the expansion of software market demand, and the low cost of software replication, easy to grasp the characteristics of technology, software piracy has become increasingly prominent, becoming a more and more people's means of profit. In general, the types of software piracy can be divided into: hard disk preinstalled piracy, software counterfeiting piracy, CD piracy, corporate piracy, Internet piracy, different individuals mixed piracy and so on. In order to solve the increasingly serious piracy situation, the copyright Law of the people's Republic of China, which is an important part of intellectual property rights, has been amended to establish a copyright protection system that conforms to the international standards of copyright protection. In addition to copyright law, there are professional departments of laws and regulations, that is, computer software protection regulations. Nevertheless, our country's piracy rate is still among the highest in all countries. The US Business Software Alliance (BAS) published the worldwide piracy rate for major countries in 2010: China's 2009 piracy rate was 79, ranking 27th. Although down from 97 percent in 1994, there is still a big gap with the United States, which has the lowest piracy rate (20 percent) (see note 1 on page 1 for the relevant data for this paragraph). Under the strong pressure of the United States, we must stiffly raise the scale of piracy to the same level as developed countries. Copyright should be protected, but according to the traditional doctrine of moderation, there should be a reasonable excess between protection and strike. The formulation of the law should not only be fair and equitable, but also take into account efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, based on the present situation of economic and social development in our country, the paper will explore and study the standards of copyright software, the judgment of infringement, the operation of legislation and the practice of judicature from the aspects of social interests and personal interests. The standard of software piracy is not only common but also different with general software infringement. Theoretically speaking, the infringement of pirated software must meet four conditions: the existence of infringement of the fact of damage; the implementation of tort; tort and damage between the causal relationship between the result of the infringement; the infringer has subjective fault. In practice, to determine whether software piracy constitutes, there are the following methods: 1, you can compare or contrast the file name in the disk with the original version of the software, the directory is 2, compare the installation process 3, compare the directory, file, and use process after installation; 4, contrast the way of code. In addition, on the basis of the comparison of domestic and foreign research status, the article puts forward the legal countermeasures to perfect the software protection in our country, hoping to provide more comprehensive protection to the software development of our country. For example, in the civil law, we should pay attention to the balance of the "ladder" of protection, clarify the provisions of reverse engineering; refine the standard of criminal conviction of piracy in criminal law, increase the intensity of punishment; and promote the government to foster the software innovation industry in administration.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.4

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