中国医药产业国际竞争力研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 11:03

【摘要】：医药产业是我国国民经济的支柱产业,是关乎国计民生的重要行业,论文首先分析了中国医药产业的发展情况,发展速度很快,但是仍是制药大国而远非制药强国,发展中存在很多的制约因素,产业集中度低、自主创新能力弱、技术水平低、经济效益差等。然而随着我国经济的不断发展,城市化水平的提高,老龄化社会的到来以及国家政策的倾斜,也推动着我国医药产业的发展。其次分析了我国药品的进出口情况,无论是在进口还是出口方面,我国都在世界市场上占据了重要的位置,但是与发达国家相比仍有差距。紧接着本文构建了评价中国医药产业国际竞争力的综合指标体系,分别从外在表现、内在能力和发展环境三个方面进行分析。中国医药产业国际竞争力的外在表现体现在资源转化能力、市场化能力和技术能力三个方面,文中利用劳动生产率、产值利税率、国际市场占有率、TC指数、RCA指数、净出口贡献率、新产品销售率等指标来分析中国医药产业的发展,并与美国、德国、日本、印度进行比较研究。中国医药产业国际竞争力的内在能力体现在产业运行状态、技术投入、比较优势和创新活力四个方面,文中利用资产负债率、RD人员投入比例、RD人员经费投入比例、技术改造投入、技术引进投入、技术消化投入、劳动力成本、产业规模、市场规模等指标来比较中国同美国等四国的医药产业国际竞争力。中国医药产业国际竞争力的发展环境主要从政治、经济、贸易和技术四个方面来进行分析。在定性分析的基础上,本文从医药产业国际竞争力的评价指标体系中依据科学性原则、可操作性原则选取劳动生产率、国际市场占有率、RCA指数、RD经费投入比例、产业规模和对外贸易依存度六个指标进行定量分析,运用主成分分析法得出中国、美国、德国、日本、印度的主成分得分,据此来评价中国的医药产业国际竞争力以及与其他国家的差距,由此构建了一个有效地评价中国医药产业国际竞争力的定量分析的指标体系。本文最后对中国医药产业存在的问题,以及通过主成分分析法得出的中国及其他国家国际竞争力的差距提出有针对性的对策建议,包括调整优化组织结构,提高市场集中度；加大技术投入,增强企业自主创新能力；加强医药知识产权保护；加快产业结构升级,有区别的加强重点子产业；加强政府引导和扶持力度等。
[Abstract]:The pharmaceutical industry is the pillar industry of our national economy and an important industry related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. Firstly, the paper analyzes the development of the pharmaceutical industry in China, which has a rapid development rate, but is still a pharmaceutical country, far from a pharmaceutical power. There are many restrictive factors in development, such as low industrial concentration, weak independent innovation ability, low technical level and poor economic benefits. However, with the development of economy, the improvement of urbanization, the arrival of aging society and the inclination of national policy, the development of pharmaceutical industry is also promoted. Secondly, the paper analyzes the import and export situation of Chinese drugs. Both in import and export, China occupies an important position in the world market, but there is still a gap compared with developed countries. Then this paper constructs a comprehensive index system to evaluate the international competitiveness of Chinese pharmaceutical industry, and analyzes it from three aspects: external performance, internal ability and development environment. The external performance of the international competitiveness of Chinese pharmaceutical industry is reflected in three aspects: the ability to transform resources, the ability to market and the capability of technology. In this paper, the utilization of labor productivity, the profit and tax rate of output value, the international market share, TC index and RCA index are discussed. Net export contribution rate, new product sales rate and other indicators to analyze the development of Chinese pharmaceutical industry, and compared with the United States, Germany, Japan, India. The inherent ability of the international competitiveness of China's pharmaceutical industry is embodied in four aspects: industrial running state, technical input, comparative advantage and innovation vigor. In this paper, the ratio of R D personnel input and R D personnel investment ratio is used to make use of the ratio of assets and liabilities to R D personnel investment. To compare the international competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry between China and the United States, the investment in technological transformation, the input in technology introduction, the input in technology digestion, the cost of labor, the scale of industry and the scale of market are used to compare the international competitiveness of pharmaceutical industry between China and the United States. The development environment of Chinese pharmaceutical industry's international competitiveness is analyzed from four aspects: politics, economy, trade and technology. On the basis of qualitative analysis, this paper selects labor productivity and international market share according to scientific principle, operational principle, RCA index and R D investment ratio in the evaluation index system of international competitiveness of pharmaceutical industry. Based on the quantitative analysis of industrial scale and foreign trade dependence, the principal component scores of China, the United States, Germany, Japan and India are obtained by principal component analysis. Based on this, the international competitiveness of Chinese pharmaceutical industry and the gap between China and other countries are evaluated, and a quantitative analysis index system for evaluating the international competitiveness of Chinese pharmaceutical industry is constructed. Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on the problems of Chinese pharmaceutical industry and the gap of international competitiveness between China and other countries through principal component analysis, including adjusting and optimizing the organizational structure and increasing the market concentration. Increase technical input, strengthen the independent innovation ability of enterprises; strengthen the protection of pharmaceutical intellectual property rights; speed up the upgrading of industrial structure, and strengthen the key sub-industries differently; strengthen the government guidance and support, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.72

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