玉米基燃料乙醇价值链利润分配机制研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 20:24

【摘要】：玉米相对于其他的农产品,除了食用效用外还能通过物理或化学的加工方法加工出近3000种新的产品,这些产品除了食品以外,还可以用作饲料、工业原料甚至是新兴能源。可以说玉米价值链横跨第一、第二和第三产业,是非常长的价值链,它的发展前景可谓一片光明。从数据上看,近几年来,玉米在工业消费的需求正迅速增长。在我国目前的玉米加工,正在由初级的淀粉、酒精、饲料加工向以赖氨酸、变性淀粉、化工醇、燃料乙醇为主要产品的深层生化加工处理做转变,其加工产品已经广泛应用于食品、医药、汽车、纺织、电子等领域。价值链上各个环节只要能获得稳定的经济收益,那么价值链整体也会保持稳定状态。因此一个好的价值链利润分配方式至关重要,它一方面可以鼓励各环节积极投入到合作中来,生产出数量更多、质量更好的产品,另一方面也可以减少各种不必要的花费,降低成本,提高效率。燃料乙醇作为一种重要的生物质能源,由其具有清洁、可再生和许多其他的优势而被人们越来越多的关注,并已在国内外能源领域成为一个研究热点,有希望成为“后石油时代”的新能源主力军。以玉米为原料的燃料乙醇相比其他行业价值链有自己的特殊性：玉米生产者是独立的,生产规模小,具有广泛的分布空间,燃料乙醇加工企业难以和大量种植玉米的农民建立契约关系,大多数公司选择从玉米粮食收购站购销玉米,导致了玉米生产被排挤出玉米基燃料乙醇价值链外；燃料乙醇加工企业科研投入不足,缺乏专业技术人员,其中一些燃料乙醇加工企业小,散,弱的特点突出,加工企业作为一个整体,自主创新能力弱,缺乏自主知识产权的核心生产技术；燃料乙醇销售商利用直接面对需求者的优势制定成品价格,谋取超额利润,使得整个玉米基燃料乙醇价值链利润分配机制扭曲。因此,本文以玉米基燃料乙醇为例,从价值链的整体视角出发分析了安徽省及周边地区燃料乙醇价值链的各环节价格形成的过程,并得到了总体利润是按什么比例分别分配给价值链各环节中的,然后解释了这种不合理的比例产生的原因,接着通过Shapley值的合作模式分配方法,通过对参与合作的各个主体对整体贡献程度的大小这一权重,合理决定了利润分配的方案。最后,研究阐述了主要结论,并针对结论提出相关对策和建议。
[Abstract]:Compared with other agricultural products, corn can also be processed through physical or chemical processing methods to produce nearly 3000 new products, which can also be used as feed, industrial raw materials and even new energy sources. It can be said that the corn value chain straddles the first, second and third industries, and it is a very long value chain, and its development prospects are bright. From the data, in recent years, corn in industrial consumption demand is growing rapidly. At present, corn processing in China is changing from primary starch, alcohol and feed processing to deep biochemical processing with lysine, modified starch, chemical alcohol and fuel ethanol as the main products. Its processing products have been widely used in food, medicine, automobile, textile, electronics and other fields. As long as each link in the value chain can obtain stable economic benefits, then the whole value chain will remain stable. So a good way to distribute profits in the value chain is very important. On the one hand, it can encourage all the links to actively participate in cooperation, and produce more quantity and better quality products, on the other hand, it can also reduce various unnecessary costs. Reduce costs and improve efficiency. As an important biomass energy, fuel ethanol has been paid more and more attention for its clean, renewable and many other advantages, and has become a research hotspot in the field of energy at home and abroad. There is hope that the post-oil era of the new energy force. Fuel ethanol based on corn has its own particularity compared with other industry value chains: corn producers are independent, production scale is small, and there is wide distribution space. It is difficult for fuel ethanol processing enterprises to establish contract relationship with farmers who grow a lot of corn. Most companies choose to buy and sell corn from corn grain purchasing stations, which results in corn production being excluded from the value chain of corn based fuel ethanol. Fuel ethanol processing enterprises have insufficient investment in scientific research and lack of professional technical personnel. Some fuel ethanol processing enterprises are characterized by their small, scattered and weak characteristics. Processing enterprises as a whole have weak independent innovation capabilities. Lack of independent intellectual property rights of the core production technology; fuel ethanol vendors use the advantages of directly facing the demand to set the price of finished products, seek excess profits, resulting in the entire corn-based fuel ethanol value chain profit distribution mechanism distorted. Therefore, taking corn based fuel ethanol as an example, this paper analyzes the price formation process of each link of fuel ethanol value chain in Anhui Province and its surrounding areas from the perspective of the whole value chain. And get the proportion of the total profit distribution to each link in the value chain, and then explain the reason of this unreasonable proportion, and then through the Shapley value of the cooperation mode distribution method. The scheme of profit distribution is determined by the weight of the contribution degree to the whole of the parties involved in the cooperation. Finally, the main conclusions are expounded, and the relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F326.5

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