华东型连栋塑料温室环境智能控制系统的研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 09:11

【摘要】：21世纪是设施农业高速发展的时期，各国纷纷采取措施，加大投资，大力发展智能化设施农业。我国从八十年代就开始批量进行设施人工环境模拟的蔬菜生产,如高档玻璃温室生产。早期的设施温室主要从荷兰、以色列等农业强国引进，同时还引进了这些实时温室种植的蔬菜种子。截止到2010年，我国园艺设施面积超过了350万hm2，与1980年相比增加了近500倍，成为世界温室蔬菜生产面积最大的地区之一。虽然温室生产规模发展迅猛，，但是国内温室蔬菜生产特别是智能玻璃温室生产的成本高，导致产品市场价格贵，很难真正走进普通百姓的日常生活。另外，温室生产品质也很难和国外同级产品相媲美。造成上述现象的原因在于目前国内高档智能温室设施及技术主要依赖进口，且其配套的智能化环境控制系统一般只针对进口种子设计，缺少真正适合我国温室生产并且具有自主知识产权的温室智能化生产控制体系。本文在总结以往国内外进行的温室智能控制研究工作的基础上，针对目前我国自主知识产权的温室环境调控系统智能化程度低，生产成本高的现状，基于华东地区使用最为广泛的连栋塑料大棚，研发一种依据上海自有蔬菜品种和露地蔬菜生产农艺，具有人机交换界面输入蔬菜全生长周期、智能决策、自动控制的低成本温室智能控制系统。本文主要内容包括：一、作物典型生长影响因子及温室微环境控制策略的相关研究。通过对作物生长影响因子（如温度、湿度、光照、二氧化碳等）的研究，为温室电气设备改造提供依据。依据各执行设备的对温室小气候的影响，结合CFD模拟仿真结果，提出组合式多级控制的多因子决策方案。二、根据连栋温室结构特点和控制目标，提出了基于远程服务器（基于VS2008设计）和温室现场智能测控系统（基于ARM11开发）相结合的分布式系统组网方案。三、从项目实际出发，给出了温室现场核心控制系统的硬件和软件设计方案。硬件方面，选择S3C6410作为核心处理器，并详细分析了相关模块硬件电路的设计；软件方面，选择Linux作为嵌入式操作系统，用Qt进行软件开发，并简要介绍了嵌入式系统的移植和Qt/Embedded运行库的编译与移植过程。本论文的研究提高了温室环境控制的智能化水平，对推动智能温室的产业化进程，促进设施农业可持续发展具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。通过在上海某示农业示范园区温室的现场测试，表明系统稳定可靠，控制效果明显。
[Abstract]:The 21st century is a period of rapid development of facility agriculture. Many countries have taken measures to increase investment and vigorously develop intelligent facility agriculture. Since 1980's, China has been carrying out mass production of vegetables simulated by artificial environment, such as the production of high-grade glass greenhouses. Early greenhouse facilities were introduced mainly from agricultural powers such as the Netherlands and Israel, as well as vegetable seeds grown in real-time greenhouses. Up to 2010, the area of horticultural facilities in China exceeded 3.5 million hm ~ 2, which increased nearly 500-fold compared with 1980, and became one of the largest greenhouse vegetable production areas in the world. Although the scale of greenhouse production is developing rapidly, the high cost of domestic greenhouse vegetable production, especially the production of intelligent glass greenhouse, leads to the high market price of products, and it is difficult to really enter the daily life of ordinary people. In addition, greenhouse production quality is also difficult to compare with foreign products of the same class. The reason for the above phenomenon lies in the fact that at present, the domestic high-end intelligent greenhouse facilities and technologies mainly rely on imports, and its matching intelligent environment control system is generally designed only for imported seeds. There is a lack of intelligent greenhouse production control system which is suitable for greenhouse production and has its own intellectual property rights. On the basis of summarizing the previous research work of greenhouse intelligent control at home and abroad, this paper aims at the present situation that the greenhouse environment control system with independent intellectual property right in our country has low intelligence degree and high production cost. Based on the most widely used multi-span plastic shed in East China, a kind of agricultural production technology based on Shanghai's own vegetable varieties and open field vegetables is developed, which has the man-machine exchange interface to input the whole growth cycle of vegetables, and makes intelligent decision. Automatic control of low-cost greenhouse intelligent control system. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. Research on crop typical growth factors and greenhouse microenvironment control strategies. Through the research on the factors affecting crop growth (such as temperature, humidity, light, carbon dioxide, etc.), this paper provides the basis for the transformation of electrical equipment in greenhouse. According to the effect of each execution equipment on the microclimate of greenhouse, combined with the simulation results of CFD, a multi-factor decision making scheme of combined multilevel control is proposed. Secondly, according to the structure characteristics and control goal of multi-span greenhouse, a distributed network scheme based on the combination of remote server (based on VS2008 design) and greenhouse field intelligent measurement and control system (based on ARM11 development) is proposed. Thirdly, the hardware and software design scheme of the field control system in greenhouse is given from the point of view of the project. In the aspect of hardware, S3C6410 is chosen as the core processor, and the hardware circuit of related module is analyzed in detail. In software, Linux is chosen as embedded operating system, and QT is used for software development. The porting of embedded system and the compiling and porting process of Qt/Embedded runtime are introduced briefly. The research in this paper improves the intelligent level of greenhouse environmental control and has certain theoretical significance and practical value to promote the industrialization process of intelligent greenhouse and promote the sustainable development of facility agriculture. The field test of greenhouse in an agricultural demonstration park in Shanghai shows that the system is stable and reliable, and the control effect is obvious.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：S625;TP273

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