甘肃法院审理玉米植物新品种权案件的调查研究报告
发布时间：2018-08-24 11:14
【摘要】：植物新品种权属于知识产权的保护范畴,加大对植物新品种权的保护力度,对促进农业科技的创新、农业产业结构的调整,解决土地资源的紧缺尤其是耕地资源的不足,都具有举足轻重的作用。玉米作为我国的主要农作物之一,强化对玉米新品种权的保护力度,合理调节育种者、生产者和经营者之间的利益关系,对于维护我国粮食安全,保护农民利益,维护农村稳定,保障社会主义新农村建设都有重要的意义。甘肃省的河西走廊是我国重要的玉米制种基地,由于获得国家授权的品种较少,制种行业利润巨大,导致侵权行为多发,给育种专家、育种机构和育种企业造成了巨大的经济损失,严重损害了农业专家创新的积极性,不利于种子事业的健康可持续发展。为了激励育种专家的积极性和创造性,在植物新品种权纠纷案件法律法规有待进一步完善的情况下,甘肃法院以“加强保护,分门别类,宽严适度”知识产权司法保护的基本政策为指导,立足甘肃玉米制种业的实际情况,在审理侵害玉米品种权案件中进行了多方位探索,对于进一步完善植物新品种权司法保护制度,促进农业发展,保护农民利益,维护农村稳定,推动创新性国家建设、维护社会主义市场秩序和社会主义新农村建设提供了强有力的司法保障 本文包括五个部分： 第一部分重点对甘肃法院近五来一、二审审理的涉及玉米植物新品种权案件进行了梳理、分析、研究,通过图表的方式进行了对比,总结出近年来审理植物新品种权案件的基本特点。 第二部分在第一部分的基础上,提出了甘肃法院审理侵害玉米植物新品种权案件中所遇到的问题,包括管辖权混乱,近似品种能否构成侵权,追偿权如何行使,法定赔偿标准过低的负面效应,农民免责导致侵权案件增多,植物新品种保护的法律位阶需要提升等问题。 第三部分着重介绍了甘肃法院在审判实践中对侵害植物新品种权案件认定的具体步骤和方法,并就植物新品种权的保护范围,构成侵权的例外情形,侵权的民事责任等审判中的主要经验和做法进行了总结。 第四部分主要是针对第二部分提出的一些有待解决的争议问题,从审理甘肃玉米制种的实际情况出发,依据我民法的基本原则和知识产权的司法保护政策,提出了解决问题的意见。 第五部分是从国家层面考虑,对妥善处理玉米植物新品种案件提出了笔者的几点意见和建议。
[Abstract]:The new plant variety right belongs to the protection category of intellectual property right. To promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology, to adjust the agricultural industrial structure, to solve the shortage of land resources, especially the shortage of cultivated land resources, to strengthen the protection of new plant variety rights, to promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology, and to solve the shortage of cultivated land resources. They all play an important role. As one of the main crops in our country, to strengthen the protection of the new variety right of maize, to regulate the interest relationship between breeders, producers and operators reasonably, to safeguard the food security of our country and to protect the interests of farmers. Maintaining rural stability and ensuring the construction of a new socialist countryside are of great significance. The Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province is an important base for maize seed production in China. Due to the small number of varieties authorized by the state and the huge profits of the seed production industry, it has led to many infringing acts and given breeding experts. Breeding institutions and breeding enterprises have caused huge economic losses, seriously damaged the enthusiasm of agricultural experts to innovate, and are not conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of seed undertakings. In order to encourage the enthusiasm and creativity of breeding experts, under the circumstances that the laws and regulations of the dispute cases of new plant variety rights need to be further improved, the Gansu court "strengthens the protection and classifies," Under the guidance of the basic policy of judicial protection of intellectual property rights, based on the actual situation of maize seed production industry in Gansu Province, the author has made a multi-directional exploration in the trial of cases of infringing maize variety rights. To further improve the system of judicial protection of new plant variety rights, to promote agricultural development, to protect the interests of farmers, to maintain rural stability, and to promote innovative national construction, The maintenance of socialist market order and the construction of a new socialist countryside provide a strong judicial guarantee. This paper consists of five parts: the first part focuses on the Gansu courts in the past five years. The cases involving the new variety rights of maize plants tried in the second instance were combed, analyzed, studied and compared with each other by means of charts, and summarized the basic characteristics of the cases concerning the new variety rights of maize plants in recent years. On the basis of the first part, the second part puts forward the problems encountered by Gansu court in the case of infringing the new variety right of maize plant, including the confusion of jurisdiction, whether the approximate variety can constitute an infringement, and how to exercise the right of recourse. The negative effects of the low legal compensation standard, the increase of infringement cases caused by peasant exemption, and the need to upgrade the legal rank of the protection of new plant varieties. The third part emphatically introduces the concrete steps and methods of the court in Gansu province to confirm the case of infringing new plant variety right in the trial practice, and forms the exceptional situation of infringement on the scope of protection of the new plant variety right. The main experience and practice in the trial of tort civil liability are summarized. The fourth part is mainly aimed at some controversial issues raised in the second part, proceeding from the actual situation of corn seed production in Gansu Province, according to the basic principles of China's civil law and the judicial protection policy of intellectual property rights. Suggestions for solving the problem are put forward. In the fifth part, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with the new maize plant varieties from the national level.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.4
本文编号：2200649
[Abstract]:The new plant variety right belongs to the protection category of intellectual property right. To promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology, to adjust the agricultural industrial structure, to solve the shortage of land resources, especially the shortage of cultivated land resources, to strengthen the protection of new plant variety rights, to promote the innovation of agricultural science and technology, and to solve the shortage of cultivated land resources. They all play an important role. As one of the main crops in our country, to strengthen the protection of the new variety right of maize, to regulate the interest relationship between breeders, producers and operators reasonably, to safeguard the food security of our country and to protect the interests of farmers. Maintaining rural stability and ensuring the construction of a new socialist countryside are of great significance. The Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province is an important base for maize seed production in China. Due to the small number of varieties authorized by the state and the huge profits of the seed production industry, it has led to many infringing acts and given breeding experts. Breeding institutions and breeding enterprises have caused huge economic losses, seriously damaged the enthusiasm of agricultural experts to innovate, and are not conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of seed undertakings. In order to encourage the enthusiasm and creativity of breeding experts, under the circumstances that the laws and regulations of the dispute cases of new plant variety rights need to be further improved, the Gansu court "strengthens the protection and classifies," Under the guidance of the basic policy of judicial protection of intellectual property rights, based on the actual situation of maize seed production industry in Gansu Province, the author has made a multi-directional exploration in the trial of cases of infringing maize variety rights. To further improve the system of judicial protection of new plant variety rights, to promote agricultural development, to protect the interests of farmers, to maintain rural stability, and to promote innovative national construction, The maintenance of socialist market order and the construction of a new socialist countryside provide a strong judicial guarantee. This paper consists of five parts: the first part focuses on the Gansu courts in the past five years. The cases involving the new variety rights of maize plants tried in the second instance were combed, analyzed, studied and compared with each other by means of charts, and summarized the basic characteristics of the cases concerning the new variety rights of maize plants in recent years. On the basis of the first part, the second part puts forward the problems encountered by Gansu court in the case of infringing the new variety right of maize plant, including the confusion of jurisdiction, whether the approximate variety can constitute an infringement, and how to exercise the right of recourse. The negative effects of the low legal compensation standard, the increase of infringement cases caused by peasant exemption, and the need to upgrade the legal rank of the protection of new plant varieties. The third part emphatically introduces the concrete steps and methods of the court in Gansu province to confirm the case of infringing new plant variety right in the trial practice, and forms the exceptional situation of infringement on the scope of protection of the new plant variety right. The main experience and practice in the trial of tort civil liability are summarized. The fourth part is mainly aimed at some controversial issues raised in the second part, proceeding from the actual situation of corn seed production in Gansu Province, according to the basic principles of China's civil law and the judicial protection policy of intellectual property rights. Suggestions for solving the problem are put forward. In the fifth part, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with the new maize plant varieties from the national level.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.4
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