论惩罚性赔偿在我国侵权法中的适用

发布时间：2018-09-01 06:19

【摘要】： 惩罚性赔偿是指为惩罚加害人的不法行为,威慑或防止类似行为的发生,而判决加害人向受害人支付除补偿性赔偿以外的超过实际损失的赔偿金。其具有惩罚性、主观可责难性、法定性、依附性的特征。惩罚性赔偿与补偿性赔偿、精神损害赔偿存在本质区别。由于与私法的发展趋势相契合,与侵权法的发展相适应,且有助于全面实现侵权法的功能,因此惩罚性赔偿在侵权法中的适用具有理论基础。英国和美国侵权案件中广泛适用惩罚性赔偿,在适用条件上有较严格的限制,在赔偿金额的确定方面也有很多操作性较强的方法值得借鉴。大陆法系国家和英美法系国家在历史背景、审判制度、私法精神上存在差异,导致德国和日本在惩罚性赔偿问题上持保守态度,但我国台湾地区开始在有关侵权的立法中广泛适用惩罚性赔偿制度。我国目前立法不够完善、侵权形式复杂多样、传统民事责任制度救济不足、以及法律制度国际化等原因使惩罚性赔偿在我国侵权法中适用势在必行。从我国历史渊源、法律适用环境以及学者们的研究成果来看,已具备适用该制度的可行性。在适用条件上,侵权人主观应具有故意或重大过失;在适用范围上,产品责任侵权、环境侵权、医疗事故侵权、知识产权侵权、证券侵权、殴打、辱骂等恶意人身侵权均可适用;在赔偿金额确定上,应以对侵权人的适度威慑和对受害人的适度激励为原则,综合考虑受害人的实际损失、侵权人行为的可责难性、侵权人承担责任的几率、侵权人的经济状况等因素。
[Abstract]:Punitive damages is to punish the wrongdoings of the perpetrators, deter or prevent the occurrence of similar acts, and the judgment of damages to the victims other than compensatory damages over the actual damages. It has the characteristics of punishment, subjective reproach, legality and dependence. There are essential differences between punitive damages and compensatory damages. Because it is consistent with the development trend of private law and the development of tort law, it is helpful to realize the function of tort law in an all-round way, so the application of punitive damages in tort law has a theoretical foundation. Punitive damages are widely applied in tort cases in the United Kingdom and the United States, and there are strict restrictions on the applicable conditions, and there are many operable methods for determining the amount of compensation which are worth learning from. There are differences in historical background, trial system and private law spirit between countries of civil law system and common law system, which leads to the conservative attitude of Germany and Japan on the issue of punitive damages. However, the system of punitive damages has been widely applied in the legislation of tort in Taiwan. At present, the legislation of our country is not perfect, the form of tort is complex and diverse, the remedy of traditional civil liability system is insufficient, and the internationalization of legal system makes punitive damages applied in tort law of our country is imperative. From the historical origin of our country, the applicable environment of law and the research results of scholars, it is feasible to apply this system. In terms of applicable conditions, the infringer should have intentional or gross negligence; in the scope of application, product liability infringement, environmental tort, medical malpractice infringement, intellectual property infringement, securities infringement, assault, Malicious personal torts such as verbal abuse can be applied; in determining the amount of compensation, the principle of appropriate deterrence to the infringer and the appropriate incentive to the victim should be taken into account synthetically the actual loss of the victim and the reproach of the infringer's behavior. The probability that infringer undertakes responsibility, the economic condition of infringer wait for a factor.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D923

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