稠油热采数值模拟自适应网格法计算软件开发研究及实例应用
发布时间：2018-09-12 06:51
【摘要】：目前稠油开发的最主要的手段是蒸汽注采。稠油蒸汽注采是一个带有相变的多孔介质中多相流动问题,流场中存在物理量变化十分剧烈的狭窄相变锋面,对于此类问题的数值模拟,为了保证计算精度,锋面处的计算网格尺寸必须很小,如果整个计算区域都采用均匀网格,那么网格节点就会很多,计算量很大。本文利用自适应网格法动态追踪锋面,在物理量变化剧烈的区域采用细网格,而在物理量变化缓慢的地方采用粗网格,从而大幅度提高稠油热采问题数值模拟的计算速度。 油藏数值模拟是油田勘探开发生产部门的重要科研手段。本文自主开发了注蒸汽热采稠油油藏数值模拟自适应网格法计算软件,能够对渗透率空间分布不均匀、油藏区域分布不同种类输运性质岩石、裂缝-孔隙双重介质、不规则边界及内部含有断层和人工压裂裂缝油藏等复杂地层注蒸汽热采稠油问题进行数值模拟。软件通过了信息处理产品标准符合性检测中心的测试并获得了国家版权局的软件著作权。通过简单二维裂缝性稠油油藏SAGD开采过程数值模拟和某稠油油藏注热水驱油过程数值模拟两个算例并与国际著名商业油藏数值模拟软件CMG-STARS对比结果显示,软件具有较高的计算精度和稳定性,并且由于采用了自适应网格法,计算速度比CMG-STARS快,可以满足油田的科研生产需求。 利用自主开发的软件,本文对辅助注入轻质溶剂的SAGD过程进行了数值研究,发现注入不同分子量的轻质溶剂对SAGD开采效率的影响截然不同：辅助注入C2H6可以保持蒸汽腔的压力并减小顶部热损,但是由于生产井过早见气,蒸汽和轻质气堵塞了稠油流通通道,使得油相相对渗透率降低,反而不利于稠油增产；辅助注入的C9H20能够在蒸汽腔壁的蒸汽锋面处凝结并充分溶解到稠油中,大大降低稠油粘度,增强锋面处油相流动能力,从而有效地提高稠油的开采速度,降低了蒸汽使用量,提高了油汽比,有利于节能减排。本文分析了辅助注入C9H20溶剂开采稠油的经济效益,结果表明辅助注入C9H20有一定的经济价值并且特别适用于快采。 稠油、高含水原油以及低渗透地层中原油均显示出非牛顿流体的特性,三次采油中利用聚合物溶液、胶束溶液、乳状液和压缩系数大的泡沫液等非牛顿流体作为驱油剂,钻井液和水力压裂工艺中的压裂液通常也是非牛顿流体。因此,研究非牛顿流体的渗流规律对于油气田开发具有重要的实际意义。幂律流体是工程上常见的非牛顿流体,其本构方程能够较好地反映稠油的流变特性。本文从幂律流体的基本流动控制方程出发,利用Whitaker的体积平均方法,将多孔介质中幂律流体的细观运动和宏观渗流运动联系起来；采用多尺度分析,使得体积平均意义下的宏观渗流运动方程得到进一步的简化：在将细观的下的流体物理量和宏观下的流体物理量联系起来的封闭性假设的基础上,理论推导得到幂律流体宏观渗流的广义Darcy定律。研究结果显示渗流速度和压力梯度之间存在幂函数关系,但幂律流体表观渗透率仅在一维流动情况下由多孔介质的空间结构以及幂律流体的流变特性所确定,对于二维及以上空间的流动,由于非线性项的存在,其表观渗透率还依赖于宏观渗流速度的具体方向,该渗流特性和牛顿流体完全不同。数值算例显示本文理论推导的表观渗透率对于渗流速度方向的依赖属性和国际上现有的基于直接求解幂律流体流动控制方程的数值模拟结果相符。 综上,本文的主要工作是开发具有自主知识产权的稠油热采数值模拟自适应网格法计算软件,软件能够对复杂地层的稠油蒸汽注采问题进行快速模拟。软件对裂缝-孔隙双重介质稠油油藏SAGD开采过程和某稠油油藏热水驱采油过程模拟的两个实例表明软件能对复杂地层的稠油热采问题利用自适应网格法进行快速数值模拟；本文利用开发的软件研究不同轻质溶剂对SAGD过程开采效率的影响和作用机理；针对稠油的非牛顿流体特性,本文利用体积平均方法对幂律流体在多孔介质中的渗流规律进行研究并推导其广义Darcy定律。
[Abstract]:At present, the most important method of heavy oil development is steam injection and production. Heavy oil steam injection and production is a multi-phase flow problem in porous media with phase change. There is a narrow phase change front in the flow field where the physical quantity varies sharply. For the numerical simulation of this kind of problem, to ensure the calculation accuracy, the mesh size at the front must be very small. If uniform grids are used in the whole calculation area, there will be a lot of grid nodes and a large amount of computation. In this paper, the adaptive grid method is used to dynamically track the front, fine grids are used in areas where the physical quantity varies sharply, and coarse grids are used in areas where the physical quantity varies slowly, thus greatly improving the numerical simulation of heavy oil thermal recovery problem. Calculation speed.
Reservoir numerical simulation is an important scientific research method for oil field exploration and production department.This paper independently develops the software of adaptive grid method for numerical simulation of steam injection thermal recovery heavy oil reservoir.It can be used to calculate the heterogeneous spatial distribution of permeability,the distribution of different types of reservoir rock,fracture-pore dual media,irregular boundary and so on. The software passed the test of the Information Processing Product Standard Compliance Test Center and obtained the software copyright of the State Copyright Administration. Through the numerical simulation of the SAGD production process of a simple two-dimensional fractured heavy oil reservoir and a heavy oil reservoir. Two numerical simulation examples of hot water flooding process in oil reservoir are given and compared with the famous commercial reservoir numerical simulation software CMG-STARS. The results show that the software has higher calculation accuracy and stability. The calculation speed is faster than that of CMG-STARS because of the adoption of adaptive grid method, which can meet the needs of scientific research and production in oil field.
Using self-developed software, the SAGD process of assisted injection of light solvents is numerically studied in this paper. It is found that the effect of injected light solvents with different molecular weights on the recovery efficiency of SAGD is quite different. The assisted injection of C2H6 can maintain the pressure of steam chamber and reduce the heat loss at the top of the steam chamber, but because of premature gas breakthrough in production wells, steam and light weight are produced. Gas blocked the flow passage of heavy oil, making the relative permeability of oil phase decrease, but not conducive to heavy oil production; auxiliary injection of C9H20 can condensate in the steam front of the steam chamber wall and fully dissolve into heavy oil, greatly reducing the viscosity of heavy oil, enhancing the oil phase flow capacity at the front, thus effectively improving the recovery rate of heavy oil and reducing This paper analyzes the economic benefit of heavy oil recovery by auxiliary injection of C9H20 solvent. The results show that auxiliary injection of C9H20 has certain economic value and is especially suitable for fast recovery.
Heavy oil, high water cut crude oil and crude oil in low permeability formation all show characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid. Non-Newtonian fluid such as polymer solution, micelle solution, emulsion and foam fluid with high compressibility are used as oil displacement agent in tertiary oil recovery. Drilling fluid and fracturing fluid in hydraulic fracturing technology are usually non-Newtonian fluid. The seepage law of non-Newtonian fluid is of great practical significance to the development of oil and gas fields. Power-law fluid is a common non-Newtonian fluid in engineering. Its constitutive equation can well reflect the rheological characteristics of heavy oil. Starting from the basic flow control equation of power-law fluid, this paper uses Whitaker's volume averaging method to calculate the power of porous media. The macroscopic seepage motion equation in the sense of volume average is further simplified by means of multi-scale analysis. On the basis of the closed hypothesis which links the microscopic and macroscopic physical quantities of fluid, the power-law flow is deduced theoretically. The results show that there is a power function relationship between seepage velocity and pressure gradient, but the apparent permeability of power-law fluid is only determined by the spatial structure of porous media and the rheological characteristics of power-law fluid in the case of one-dimensional flow. The numerical examples show that the dependence of the apparent permeability on the direction of the seepage velocity derived from the theory and the numerical results based on the direct solution of the governing equations of power law fluid flow are available. Match.
In summary, the main work of this paper is to develop a self-adaptive grid method software for numerical simulation of heavy oil thermal recovery with independent intellectual property rights. The software can simulate the steam injection and production problem of heavy oil in complex formations quickly. The software simulates the SAGD production process of heavy oil reservoir with fracture-pore dual media and the hot water flooding production process of a heavy oil reservoir. Two examples show that the software can be used to simulate the thermal recovery of heavy oil in complex formations with adaptive mesh method; the effect and mechanism of different light solvents on the recovery efficiency of SAGD process are studied by using the software developed in this paper; for the non-Newtonian fluid characteristics of heavy oil, the volume average method is used to simulate the power law flow. The law of seepage in porous media is studied and generalized Darcy's law is derived.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TE345
本文编号：2238228
[Abstract]:At present, the most important method of heavy oil development is steam injection and production. Heavy oil steam injection and production is a multi-phase flow problem in porous media with phase change. There is a narrow phase change front in the flow field where the physical quantity varies sharply. For the numerical simulation of this kind of problem, to ensure the calculation accuracy, the mesh size at the front must be very small. If uniform grids are used in the whole calculation area, there will be a lot of grid nodes and a large amount of computation. In this paper, the adaptive grid method is used to dynamically track the front, fine grids are used in areas where the physical quantity varies sharply, and coarse grids are used in areas where the physical quantity varies slowly, thus greatly improving the numerical simulation of heavy oil thermal recovery problem. Calculation speed.
Reservoir numerical simulation is an important scientific research method for oil field exploration and production department.This paper independently develops the software of adaptive grid method for numerical simulation of steam injection thermal recovery heavy oil reservoir.It can be used to calculate the heterogeneous spatial distribution of permeability,the distribution of different types of reservoir rock,fracture-pore dual media,irregular boundary and so on. The software passed the test of the Information Processing Product Standard Compliance Test Center and obtained the software copyright of the State Copyright Administration. Through the numerical simulation of the SAGD production process of a simple two-dimensional fractured heavy oil reservoir and a heavy oil reservoir. Two numerical simulation examples of hot water flooding process in oil reservoir are given and compared with the famous commercial reservoir numerical simulation software CMG-STARS. The results show that the software has higher calculation accuracy and stability. The calculation speed is faster than that of CMG-STARS because of the adoption of adaptive grid method, which can meet the needs of scientific research and production in oil field.
Using self-developed software, the SAGD process of assisted injection of light solvents is numerically studied in this paper. It is found that the effect of injected light solvents with different molecular weights on the recovery efficiency of SAGD is quite different. The assisted injection of C2H6 can maintain the pressure of steam chamber and reduce the heat loss at the top of the steam chamber, but because of premature gas breakthrough in production wells, steam and light weight are produced. Gas blocked the flow passage of heavy oil, making the relative permeability of oil phase decrease, but not conducive to heavy oil production; auxiliary injection of C9H20 can condensate in the steam front of the steam chamber wall and fully dissolve into heavy oil, greatly reducing the viscosity of heavy oil, enhancing the oil phase flow capacity at the front, thus effectively improving the recovery rate of heavy oil and reducing This paper analyzes the economic benefit of heavy oil recovery by auxiliary injection of C9H20 solvent. The results show that auxiliary injection of C9H20 has certain economic value and is especially suitable for fast recovery.
Heavy oil, high water cut crude oil and crude oil in low permeability formation all show characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid. Non-Newtonian fluid such as polymer solution, micelle solution, emulsion and foam fluid with high compressibility are used as oil displacement agent in tertiary oil recovery. Drilling fluid and fracturing fluid in hydraulic fracturing technology are usually non-Newtonian fluid. The seepage law of non-Newtonian fluid is of great practical significance to the development of oil and gas fields. Power-law fluid is a common non-Newtonian fluid in engineering. Its constitutive equation can well reflect the rheological characteristics of heavy oil. Starting from the basic flow control equation of power-law fluid, this paper uses Whitaker's volume averaging method to calculate the power of porous media. The macroscopic seepage motion equation in the sense of volume average is further simplified by means of multi-scale analysis. On the basis of the closed hypothesis which links the microscopic and macroscopic physical quantities of fluid, the power-law flow is deduced theoretically. The results show that there is a power function relationship between seepage velocity and pressure gradient, but the apparent permeability of power-law fluid is only determined by the spatial structure of porous media and the rheological characteristics of power-law fluid in the case of one-dimensional flow. The numerical examples show that the dependence of the apparent permeability on the direction of the seepage velocity derived from the theory and the numerical results based on the direct solution of the governing equations of power law fluid flow are available. Match.
In summary, the main work of this paper is to develop a self-adaptive grid method software for numerical simulation of heavy oil thermal recovery with independent intellectual property rights. The software can simulate the steam injection and production problem of heavy oil in complex formations quickly. The software simulates the SAGD production process of heavy oil reservoir with fracture-pore dual media and the hot water flooding production process of a heavy oil reservoir. Two examples show that the software can be used to simulate the thermal recovery of heavy oil in complex formations with adaptive mesh method; the effect and mechanism of different light solvents on the recovery efficiency of SAGD process are studied by using the software developed in this paper; for the non-Newtonian fluid characteristics of heavy oil, the volume average method is used to simulate the power law flow. The law of seepage in porous media is studied and generalized Darcy's law is derived.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TE345
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