我国出口商品结构的影响因素及优化路径研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 13:56

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国的经济发展取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就,其中对外贸易的迅速发展对我国经济的增长起到了很大的拉动作用。2012年我国进出口总额达到3.87万亿美元,贸易规模首次超过美国,成为世界第一贸易大国。在取得上述成绩的同时,我国的经济发展也进入了新的阶段。目前,我国经济发展进入“新常态”,产业结构面临转型升级的压力,劳动力成本的上升和资源环境的巨大消耗使我国的发展方式亟待改变。同时,欧美国家以及新兴国家自金融危机以来仍然处在缓慢恢复当中。这些内外部的因素都给我国的外贸发展带来了巨大的压力。为了应对国内经济社会环境的改变,增强我国的出口竞争力,优化我国的出口商品结构势在必行。本文首先从国际贸易理论研究入手,梳理了国际贸易相关理论的发展脉络,总结了国内外关于出口商品结构影响因素的相关理论研究,同时针对出口商品的优化也进行了一定的文献研究,在理论上为出口商品结构的研究打下基础。在总结前人研究的基础上,本文结合我国对外贸易的详细数据,分析我国出口商品结构的现状,包括我国出口商品的结构演化以及高科技产品的现状分析等等,总结出了我国出口商品的结构依然不够合理,必须继续优化升级。在找到问题之后,本文将要素禀赋、技术进步、汇率和贸易环境作为影响出口商品结构的四个因素进行理论分析,同时利用相关数据进行实证分析,确定了这四个因素对我国出口商品的影响程度。在理论分析和实证分析的基础上,本文首先将技术进步作为出发点,分析寻求我国出口商品结构的优化路径:包括人才的培养、资金政策的支持、知识产权的保护以及科研成果的转化等等。同时,本文也从贸易环境和供给侧改革角度探索了出口商品结构的优化路径。只有这样才能实现我国出口商品结构优化,增加出口商品国际竞争力,实现经济健康、持续、快速发展。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China has made great achievements in economic development, in which the rapid development of foreign trade has played a very important role in the economic growth of our country. In 2012, the total volume of China's imports and exports reached 3.87 trillion US dollars. The scale of trade surpassed that of the United States for the first time and became the world's largest trading country. At the same time, China's economic development has entered a new stage. At present, China's economic development has entered the "new normal", the industrial structure is facing the pressure of transformation and upgrading, the rising labor cost and the huge consumption of resources and environment make the development mode of our country urgently need to change. At the same time, Europe and the United States and emerging countries since the financial crisis is still in slow recovery. These internal and external factors have brought great pressure to the development of China's foreign trade. In order to cope with the change of the domestic economic and social environment and strengthen the export competitiveness of our country, it is imperative to optimize the export commodity structure of our country. This paper begins with the research of international trade theory, combs the development of international trade related theory, summarizes the relevant theoretical research on the influence factors of export commodity structure at home and abroad. At the same time, the optimization of export commodities is also studied, which lays a foundation for the research of export commodity structure theoretically. On the basis of summarizing the previous studies, this paper analyzes the current situation of the structure of China's export commodities, including the evolution of the structure of China's export commodities and the present situation of high-tech products, and so on, combining with the detailed data of China's foreign trade. Concluded that the structure of our export commodities is still not reasonable, we must continue to optimize and upgrade. After finding out the problem, this paper makes theoretical analysis on the four factors that influence the structure of export commodities, such as factor endowment, technological progress, exchange rate and trade environment, at the same time, using relevant data to carry on empirical analysis. To determine the impact of these four factors on China's export commodities. On the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, this paper first takes technological progress as the starting point to analyze and seek the optimal path of export commodity structure of our country, including the cultivation of talents, the support of financial policy, The protection of intellectual property and the transformation of scientific research achievements. At the same time, this paper also explores the optimal path of export commodity structure from the perspective of trade environment and supply-side reform. Only in this way can we optimize the structure of our country's export commodities, increase the international competitiveness of our export commodities, and realize the healthy, sustained and rapid development of our economy.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F752.62

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