火电机组锅炉控制系统的优化设计

发布时间：2018-10-31 15:02

【摘要】：能源作为人类社会进步和发展的重要物质基础，对保障国民经济发展和人民生活水平的不断提高至关重要。我国的能源消耗主要是以煤炭为主，占所有能源消耗的60%以上。其中电力能源做为经济发展的支柱产业，是煤炭消耗的大户，每年的消耗量约为19亿吨。随着我国对节能和环保方面的要求逐年提高，如何进一步加速推进节能减排工作的开展，已成为燃煤锅炉行业未来发展面临的新课题和严峻挑战。锅炉燃烧优化控制技术是在不进行锅炉设备改造的前提下，利用锅炉运行数据和集散控制系统(DCS)，应用先进建模和优化控制技术，来合理调整锅炉燃烧，降低各项热损失，提高锅炉的热效率。本文利用电厂现有的丰富生产资料和历史记录数据，深入研究锅炉复杂的热工过程动态特性，针对非线性、时延性、不确定性、强耦合性等特点，应用燃烧流体力学、热力学等专业知识，结合现代控制理论，利用模糊控制、神经网络控制等技术手段，研究优化主汽压力、温度调节、蒸汽与燃料转换、锅炉燃烧的交叉限制、燃料及风量的合理分配、给煤机转速的控制、炉膛负压控制等回路，，实现对锅炉系统的燃烧优化，具有很强的实用性。本文的研究内容属多学科交叉问题，具有很强的前沿性、基础性和复杂性，拟采取多领域、多学科相结合的方法，力求在主要研究内容上取得实质突破。在加强应用技术研究、为电厂生产服务的同时，也将注重基础理论研究。引入电厂锅炉系统的不可逆热动力学分析等新概念、新理论，重点对汽水系统与燃烧系统的动力过程复杂性进行深入研究，争取能在这方面有重大突破，优化机组运行控制。本文研究的具有自主知识产权的燃烧优化控制软件已经投入试运，结果证实锅炉的燃烧状况得到显著改善，热效率有明显提高。
[Abstract]:Energy, as an important material basis for the progress and development of human society, is very important to guarantee the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standard. China's energy consumption is mainly coal, accounting for more than 60% of all energy consumption. As the pillar industry of economic development, power energy is the major consumer of coal, and the annual consumption is about 1.9 billion tons. With the increasing requirements of energy saving and environmental protection in China, how to accelerate the development of energy saving and emission reduction has become a new subject and severe challenge for the future development of coal-fired boiler industry. Boiler combustion optimization control technology is to use boiler operation data and (DCS), to apply advanced modeling and optimization control technology to adjust boiler combustion reasonably and reduce various heat loss without reforming boiler equipment. Raise the thermal efficiency of the boiler. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of complex thermal processes of boilers are deeply studied by using the abundant production data and historical records available in power plants. Aiming at the characteristics of nonlinearity, delay, uncertainty and strong coupling, combustion hydrodynamics is applied. Combining with modern control theory and using fuzzy control, neural network control and other technical means, thermodynamics and other professional knowledge are used to study the optimization of main steam pressure, temperature regulation, steam and fuel conversion, and the cross restriction of boiler combustion. The reasonable distribution of fuel and air volume, the control of the speed of coal feeder, the negative pressure control of furnace and so on, have strong practicability to realize the combustion optimization of boiler system. The research content of this paper is a multi-disciplinary intersecting problem, which has a strong vanguard, foundation and complexity. It is intended to adopt a multi-field and multi-disciplinary method to make a substantial breakthrough in the main research content. While strengthening applied technology research and serving power plant production, it will also pay attention to basic theory research. By introducing new concepts such as irreversible thermodynamic analysis and new theory, the complexity of dynamic process of steam water system and combustion system is deeply studied in order to make a great breakthrough in this respect and optimize the operation and control of the unit. In this paper, the combustion optimization control software with independent intellectual property rights has been put into trial operation. The results show that the combustion condition of the boiler has been improved significantly, and the thermal efficiency has been obviously improved.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM621.2

【参考文献】