基于电子海图的船舶自动识别系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-11-04 13:12

【摘要】：随着全球航运事业的发展,在水上交通日益发达、繁重的今天,船舶自动识别系统逐渐取代雷达进而成为水上导航的主流技术。该系统通过自动搜集周围船舶的广播消息,并且实时提取解析其中的船舶动静态信息,以达到时刻掌握水上船只航行情况的目的。在国内,缺乏对该技术软件和硬件方面的深度研究以及船舶自动识别技术自主知识产权,技术与设备大都依赖进口,因此有可能会导致船舶信息对外泄露,所以对该技术的研究势在必行。由于船上实际操作空间、电源适配、功能需求等因素的限制,因此该系统更适合在具有灵活性、实时性、可靠性、设备占用空间小等优势的嵌入式设备上运行。本文针对以上情况,将嵌入式技术、设备的优点与船舶自动识别系统相结合,设计并开发出了一套软件系统。课题的主要研究内容包括系统信息解析、船舶避碰模型的建立和碰撞危险度参数计算、人机交互界面设计以及代码移植等。首先,对船舶自动识别系统中信息种类和格式进行分析,然后对其码文的解析进行深入研究,最终使该系统可以对码文完成缓存、分类、解码、传输和显示一系列处理,并根据实际需求独立显示出船舶的动态信息和静态信息。其次,为了使该系统能够实现航行告警以及辅助避碰的功能,对船舶避碰和碰撞过程进行了研究,建立了船舶避碰模型,并对评判船舶碰撞危险度的两个重要参数最短相遇时间和最短相遇距离的算法进行了研究与实现。最后,对系统的总体框架和功能进行了设计,在PC端使用Qt开发工具和C++语言进行人机交互界面设计和相应的代码开发,实现系统信息解析以及避碰参数的计算等功能,开发出一个完整的应用程序。在嵌入式操作系统VxWorks的环境中编译Qt开发的程序,将编译成功的程序移植到以ARM体系为架构的嵌入式设备中,使船舶自动识别系统能够在嵌入式设备中独立运行并完成船只的精确识别、读取船舶信息、碰撞预测等功能。
[Abstract]:With the development of the global shipping industry, the marine traffic is increasingly developed. Today, the ship automatic identification system gradually replaces the radar and becomes the mainstream technology of water navigation. The system automatically collects the broadcast information of the surrounding ships and extracts and analyzes the dynamic and static information of the ships in the system in real time in order to grasp the navigation situation of the vessels on the water at all times. In China, the lack of in-depth research on the software and hardware of the technology and the independent intellectual property rights of the automatic ship identification technology, most of the technology and equipment rely on imports, so it may lead to the leakage of ship information. So the research of this technology is imperative. Due to the limitation of actual operation space, power supply adaptation and function requirement, the system is more suitable for running on embedded equipment with the advantages of flexibility, real-time, reliability and small space occupied by equipment. In this paper, a software system is designed and developed by combining the advantages of embedded technology and equipment with automatic ship identification system. The main research contents include the analysis of system information, the establishment of ship collision avoidance model and the calculation of collision risk parameters, the design of man-machine interface and code transplantation. First of all, the types and formats of information in the automatic ship recognition system are analyzed, and then the analysis of the code text is deeply studied. Finally, the system can cache, classify, decode, transmit and display a series of codewords. The dynamic and static information of the ship is displayed independently according to the actual demand. Secondly, in order to realize the functions of navigational warning and auxiliary collision avoidance, the collision avoidance and collision process are studied, and a ship collision avoidance model is established. The algorithms of the shortest encounter time and the shortest encounter distance of two important parameters for evaluating the ship collision risk are studied and implemented. Finally, the overall framework and functions of the system are designed. The man-machine interface design and the corresponding code development are implemented by using Qt development tools and C language in the PC terminal, so as to realize the functions of system information analysis and the calculation of collision avoidance parameters. Develop a complete application. The program developed by Qt is compiled in the environment of embedded operating system VxWorks, and the compiled program is transplanted to the embedded device based on ARM architecture. The automatic ship recognition system can operate independently in embedded equipment and complete the functions of accurate ship identification, reading ship information, collision prediction and so on.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U675.7

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