美国对华贸易政策分析

发布时间：2018-11-20 19:01

【摘要】：美国是个超级大国，而当今中国经济也在飞速发展，产业不断升级，对外贸易额不断扩大，中美之间的贸易关系变得越发重要。从1949年新中国成立开始，美国对华的贸易政策就不断的变化。其中美国对华贸易政策的变化大体可分为四个阶段：第一阶段（1949—1970年）是全面对华的遏制阶段，，美国一直奉行鼓励、遏制和敌视新中国的政策，这一时期美国对华采取禁运的政策，推行对华出口管制贸易政策给中国带来的影响是巨大的；第二阶段（1970—1989年）是恢复缓和阶段，美国放松了对中国的出口管制，中美两国间的经贸关系步入正轨，中美贸易迅猛发展；第三阶段（1989—2001年）是相对复杂阶段，在这一阶段美对华贸易政策大体上呈现友好的趋势，但是仍然存在着摩擦、纠纷和制约，使美对华贸易政策呈现出相对复杂的特点；第四阶段（2001—现在）是无明确特征阶段，这一阶段美国丧失了明确的对华贸易特征，美国遭受到恐怖分子的袭击以及受到金融危机的影响，美国对华的贸易政策总体表现为友好的、歧视的和敌对的三种并存、施压与合作并存的局面，失去了明确的特征。美国现行的对华贸易政策同样存在一些问题，美国的贸易保护主义逐渐抬头。受到金融危机的影响，美国的经济陷入低迷，资金严重短缺，失业率居高不下等困境，至今仍未有显现出新的起色。与此相反，中国的经济增长迅速，是一个正在崛起的国家，在国际社会中的地位有所上升，由此引起美国的格外关注与戒备。因此，美国借助贸易政策这一手段来遏制中国经济的发展，美国不断对中国的产品进行反倾销、反补贴和知识产权等调查，还对人民币汇率施压，这些都是美国为了遏制中国经济发展的而采取的具体行动。根据美国对华贸易政策的历史演变轨迹以及现行对华贸易政策核心点的释放，特别是根据未来中美两国政治经济关系发展的走向，对今后美国对华贸易政策的变化趋势进行了预测。另外，还针对目前美国对华贸易政策存在的问题，提出了应对策略与建议：即我国应该进一步推进中美经济全面互利合作伙伴关系的建设；妥善解决中美贸易失衡问题；积极应对和消除中美贸易摩擦产生的负面影响，特别是关注政治因素产生的负面作用，注意化解政治矛盾。美国对华采取合理的贸易政策将会有助于两国之间贸易关系的发展。中美贸易关系不仅影响着两国的经济合作发展，而且也对世界经济的发展有所影响。因此为了世界经济更好的发展，世界的和平与稳定，中美两国均有必要处理好双边贸易关系，使中美两国对对方的贸易政策更加趋于稳定及合理化。
[Abstract]:The United States is a superpower, and today China's economy is booming, industries are escalating, foreign trade is expanding, and trade relations between China and the United States are becoming more and more important. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, the trade policy of the United States with China has been constantly changing. The changes in US trade policy towards China can be roughly divided into four stages: the first stage (1949-1970) is a comprehensive containment phase to China, and the United States has always pursued a policy of encouraging, containing and hostile to the new China. During this period, the United States adopted the policy of embargo on China, and the impact of the policy of export control on China was enormous. The second stage (1970-1989) was the stage of restoration of detente, the United States relaxed its export control to China, the economic and trade relations between China and the United States were on the right track, and Sino-US trade developed rapidly. The third stage (1989-2001) is a relatively complicated stage, in which the US trade policy towards China presents a friendly trend, but there are still frictions, disputes and constraints, which makes the US trade policy with China show relatively complex characteristics. The fourth stage (2001-now) is a stage with no clear characteristics. This phase of the United States has lost its clear trade characteristics with China. The United States has been attacked by terrorists and affected by the financial crisis. America's trade policy toward China is characterized by friendly, discriminatory and hostile coexistence, pressure and cooperation. There are also some problems in America's current trade policy with China, and American trade protectionism is gradually rising. Due to the financial crisis, the U.S. economy has fallen into a downturn, a severe shortage of funds, high unemployment and other difficulties, so far has not shown any new improvement. By contrast, China's rapid economic growth is a rising nation, rising in position in the international community, which has aroused the special concern and vigilance of the United States. Therefore, the United States uses trade policy as a means to curb the development of China's economy. The United States constantly conducts anti-dumping, countervailing and intellectual property investigations into Chinese products, and also exerts pressure on the exchange rate of the renminbi. These are concrete actions taken by the United States to curb China's economic development. According to the historical evolution of the US trade policy toward China and the release of the core point of the current trade policy towards China, especially according to the future development of the political and economic relations between China and the United States, The change trend of American trade policy with China in the future is forecasted. In addition, in view of the problems existing in the current trade policy of the United States with China, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions: that is, China should further promote the construction of a mutually beneficial and cooperative partnership between China and the United States, properly resolve the trade imbalance between China and the United States; We should actively deal with and eliminate the negative effects of Sino-US trade frictions, especially pay attention to the negative effects of political factors, and pay attention to resolving political contradictions. A reasonable US trade policy with China will contribute to the development of trade relations between the two countries. Sino-US trade relations not only affect the development of economic cooperation between the two countries, but also affect the development of the world economy. Therefore, for the better development of the world economy and the peace and stability of the world, it is necessary for both China and the United States to handle the bilateral trade relations well, so as to make the trade policies of China and the United States towards each other more stable and rational.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F752.7;F757.12

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